负泊松比管状支架结构的压缩刚度特性分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.03.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

负泊松比结构具有独特的结构特性以及高能量吸收、形变适应性好等力学性能，被广泛应用于工程领域。针对负泊松比结构管状支架在工程应用中的性能优化问题展开研究，通过结构设计与力学分析相结合的方法，系统探究了管状支架的抗压性能。基于负泊松比结构特有的向内收缩变形特性，设计制备了4种新型管状支架结构，结合物理压缩试验和数值模拟，通过分析应力分布和载荷位移曲线，构建了峰值载荷、能量吸收量及压缩刚度等多维度评价体系。结果表明，FB-H结构在径向持续受压时稳定性最优，抗压强度与FB-X结构和FB-S结构相比分别提高了42%和123%。轴向载荷下不同结构呈现出差异，FB-X和FB-S结构支架刚性高，可适用于要求支撑稳定场景；FB-N和FB-H结构支架柔性好，可适用于较大变形场景。

关键词: 管状支架, 负泊松比结构, 轴向压缩, 径向压缩, 压缩刚度

Abstract:

Negative Poisson ratio structures were widely used in engineering because of their unique structural properties， high energy absorption and good deformation adaptability. The performance optimization of tubular supports was studied with negative Poisson ratio structure in engineering applications. Combining structural design and mechanics analyses， the compressive performance of tubular supports was systematically investigated. Based on the unique inward shrinkage deformation characteristics of negative Poisson's ratio structures， four new tubular stent structures were designed and prepared. By analyzing the stress distribution and load displacement curve through physical compression test and numerical simulation， a multi-dimensional evaluation system was constructed including peak load， energy absorption and compression stiffness. The results show that the stabilitys of FB-H structure is the best under continuous radial pressure， and the compressive strength of FB-X structure and FB-S structure are increased by 42% and 123%， respectively. Different structures show differences under axial loads. The FB-X and FB-S brackets have high rigidity and are suitable for scenarios requiring support stability. The FB-N and FB-H brackets are flexible and suitable for large deformation scenes.

Key words: tubular stent, negative Poisson ratio structure, axial compression, radial compression, compression stiffness

中图分类号:

TB34

苏义麟, 纪小刚, 辛嘉铭, 牛国法. 负泊松比管状支架结构的压缩刚度特性分析[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(3): 538-545.

SU Yilin, JI Xiaogang, XIN Jiaming, NIU Guofa. Analysis of Compressive Stiffness Characteristics of Tubular Support Structures with Negative Poisson's Ratio[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(3): 538-545.

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链接本文: https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.03.003

https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V37/I3/538

图/表 17

图1 负泊松比单元结构

Fig.1 Negative Poisson's ratio cell structure

表1 单元参数尺寸

Tab.1 Unit parameter size

	d	s	n	k	l	h
尺寸值/mm	1.5	1	1.23	4.5	2π	6.5

图2 负泊松比管状支架结构

Fig.2 Negative Poisson ratio tubular scaffold structure

图3 管状支架结构实体模型

Fig.3 Solid model of tubular scaffold structure

图4 试验原理图

Fig.4 Experimental schematic diagram

图5 材料试样应力应变曲线

Fig.5 Stress-strain curve of material specimen

图6 有限元仿真网格划分示意图

Fig.6 Finite element simulation grid division diagram

图7 径向压缩数值模拟载荷-位移曲线

Fig.7 Numerical simulation of load-displacement curve in radial compression

图8 4种结构在不同径向压缩位移下的应力分布

Fig.8 Stress distribution of 4 structures under different radial compression displacements

图9 轴向压缩数值模拟载荷-位移曲线

Fig.9 Load-displacement curve for numerical simulation of axial compression

图10 4种结构在不同轴向压缩位移下应力分布

Fig.10 Stress distribution of 4 structures under different axial compression displacements

图11 径向压缩试验过程

Fig.11 Radial compression test process

图12 径向压缩载荷-位移曲线

Fig.12 Radial compression load-displacement curve

表2 径向受载下4种结构管状支架参数

Tab.2 Parameters of 4 kinds of tubular support structures under radial load

	FB-N	FB-X	FB-H	FB-S
峰值载荷F_max/N	40.5	38.3	43.8	26.7
平均压缩力F_a/N	15.8	15.4	16.1	8.5
压缩力效率 $λ$	39%	40.2%	36.8%	31.8%
能量吸收量U/J	0.138	0.139	0.134	0.077
压缩刚度K/（N·mm^-1）	5.0	3.4	4.6	1.7

表2 径向受载下4种结构管状支架参数

Tab.2 Parameters of 4 kinds of tubular support structures under radial load

	FB-N	FB-X	FB-H	FB-S
峰值载荷F_max/N	40.5	38.3	43.8	26.7
平均压缩力F_a/N	15.8	15.4	16.1	8.5
压缩力效率 $λ$	39%	40.2%	36.8%	31.8%
能量吸收量U/J	0.138	0.139	0.134	0.077
压缩刚度K/（N·mm^-1）	5.0	3.4	4.6	1.7

图13 轴向压缩试验过程

Fig.13 Axial compression test process

图14 轴向压缩载荷-位移曲线

Fig.14 Axial compression load-displacement curve

表 3 轴向受载下4种结构管状支架参数

Tab. 3 Parameters of 4 kinds of tubular support structures under axial load

	FB-N	FB-X	FB-H	FB-S
峰值载荷F_max/N	1.79	2.62	1.49	2.86
平均压缩力F_a/N	1.07	1.05	0.86	1.49
压缩力效率 $λ$	59.8%	40.1%	57.7%	52.1%
能量吸收量U/mJ	3.82	2.77	2.03	2.01
压缩刚度K/（N·mm^-1）	0.51	1.49	0.63	2.12

表 3 轴向受载下4种结构管状支架参数

Tab. 3 Parameters of 4 kinds of tubular support structures under axial load

	FB-N	FB-X	FB-H	FB-S
峰值载荷F_max/N	1.79	2.62	1.49	2.86
平均压缩力F_a/N	1.07	1.05	0.86	1.49
压缩力效率 $λ$	59.8%	40.1%	57.7%	52.1%
能量吸收量U/mJ	3.82	2.77	2.03	2.01
压缩刚度K/（N·mm^-1）	0.51	1.49	0.63	2.12

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