针对地铁车辆晃动的轨道几何不平顺敏感波长分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.09.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对直线电机地铁车辆横向晃动问题，调查了线路轨道几何不平顺与车辆平稳性指标的关联关系，利用多体动力学软件SIMPACK建立了直线电机车辆动力学模型，研究了轨道几何不平顺对车辆动力学性能的影响，分析了轨道几何不平顺敏感波长范围。结果表明，车辆在直线段高速运行时车体横向出现2 Hz左右低频晃动，与晃动线路存在10~13 m波长特征的轨向不平顺相关；轨道几何不平顺敏感波长范围主要由车辆自身悬挂模态频率决定，轨向不平顺对轮轨横向力和车体横向加速度响应影响最为显著；对于直线电机地铁车辆横向晃动，轨向不平顺敏感波长段为10~13 m、17~20 m，高低不平顺敏感波长段为5~8 m和12~17 m，扭曲和水平不平顺敏感波长段均为5~8 m和15~20 m；轨道几何不平顺的激扰频率在10~13 m敏感波长段主要与车辆上心滚摆频率接近，在15~20 m敏感波长段主要与车辆点头频率和摇头频率接近。

关键词: 直线电机, 车辆动力学性能, 轨道几何不平顺, 敏感波长, 横向晃动

Abstract:

Aiming at the problems of LIMs metro vehicle lateral swayings， correlation analyses between the characteristics of track irregularities and the stability indicators of the vehicles were studied. The dynamics software SIMPACK was used to establish a dynamics model of the LIM vehicles. The influences of track irregularity on the vehicle dynamics performances were simulated and the sensitive wavelength ranges of track geometric irregularity for the LIMs vehicle swayings were analyzed. Results show that the low-frequency lateral swaying of carbody occurs at about 2 Hz when the vehicles are travelling at high speed in a straight line， which is related to the lateral track periodic irregularity with wavelengths of 10~13 m.The suspension mode frequency of the vehicles determines the sensitive wavelength range of different track irregularities. Alignment irregularity has the most significant influences on the wheel-rail lateral forces and the lateral accelerations of the carbodies. For the carbody lateral swayings， the sensitive wavelengths of alignment irregularity are as 10~13 m and 17~20 m. The sensitive wavelengths of vertical irregularity are as 5~8 m and 12~17 m. The sensitive wavelengths of both twist and crosslevel irregularity are as 5~8 m and 15~20 m. The excitation frequency of track irregularity with a sensitive wavelength band of 10~13 m is close to the frequency of the upper sway mode of the vehicles. The excitation frequency of track irregularity with a sensitive wavelength band of 15~20 m is close to the frequencies of pitch mode and roll mode of the vehicles.

Key words: linear induction motor（LIM）, vehicle dynamics performance, track geometric irregularity, sensitive wavelength, lateral swaying

中图分类号:

U213.2

齐英杰, 李伟, 刘增华, 周亚波, 温泽峰. 针对地铁车辆晃动的轨道几何不平顺敏感波长分析[J]. 中国机械工程, 2025, 36(9): 1925-1933.

Yingjie QI, Wei LI, Zenghua LIU, Yabo ZHOU, Zefeng WEN. Sensitive Wavelength Analyses of Track Geometryic Irregularities for Metro Vehicle Swayings[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 36(9): 1925-1933.

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链接本文: https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.09.003

https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V36/I9/1925

图/表 18

图1 振动加速度传感器布置

Fig.1 Arrangement of vibration accelerometer

图2 横向振动加速度时间历程

Fig.2 Lateral vibration acceleration history

图3 横向振动加速度频谱图

Fig.3 Spectrum of lateral vibration acceleration

图4 车体平稳性指标变化情况

Fig.4 Sperling index distribution of carbody

图5 实测轨道几何不平顺

Fig.5 Measured track geometric irregularity

图6 简谐波激扰输入函数

Fig.6 Harmonic excitation input function

图7 车辆动力学模型

Fig.7 Vehicle dynamics model

图8 电磁力与气隙间隙曲线

Fig.8 Electromagnetic force and air gap curve

图9 电磁力模型

Fig. 9 Electromagnetic force model

图10 车体横向加速度响应

Fig.10 Lateral acceleration response of carbody

图11 车体横向平稳性指标

Fig.11 Lateral sperling index of carbody

表1 车体振型与轨道几何不平顺波长对应关系

Tab.1 Correspondence between carbody vibration modes and track geometrical irregularity wavelengths

车体振型	频率/Hz	阻尼比	对应不平顺波长/m
车体浮沉	1.43	0.28	16.5
车体点头	1.54	0.36	15.3
车体摇头	1.21	0.30	19.5
下心滚摆	0.81	0.14	29.1
上心滚摆	1.82	0.23	12.9

图12 轨道不平顺波长变化对车体加速度的影响

Fig.12 Influence of track irregularity wavelength variation on vehicle acceleration

图13 轨道不平顺波长变化对轮轨力的影响

Fig.13 Influence of track irregularity wavelength variation on wheel-rail interaction force

图14 轨道不平顺波长变化对车体平稳性指标的影响

Fig.14 Influence of track irregularity wavelength variation on sperling index of carbody

图15 轨道不平顺波长变化对车辆动力学的影响

Fig.15 Influence of track irregularity wavelength variation on vehicle dynamics

图16 地铁线路实测轨道不平顺功率谱密度

Fig.16 PSDs of track irregularities measured in a metro line

图17 有、无周期性轨向不平顺下测试车辆平稳性指标

Fig.17 Measured sperling index for the vehicle with and without track periodic irregularities

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