交变激励下钢轨表面裂纹的磁场畸变量重构

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.04.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 交流电磁场交变激励下磁场畸变响应（畸变量）与钢轨滚动接触疲劳裂纹形态参数的关系尚不明确，提出了一种函数化重构交流电磁场磁场畸变响应的方法。在对某重载铁路钢轨滚动接触疲劳裂纹表面开口长度、椭圆比和内部倾角等形态参数的全寿命周期取样观测基础上，构建了交流电磁场对不同裂纹形态参数的磁场畸变量响应模型，得到了裂纹不同形态参数与磁场畸变量的关系；对磁场畸变裂纹参数的响应曲线进行拟合和评估，得到磁场变化量与裂纹形态参数关系的函数重构表达。研究结果表明：交流电磁场磁场畸变量受各裂纹参数共同影响，磁场畸变量峰值随裂纹表面开口长度的增大呈近似线性增大，随裂纹椭圆比的增大呈非线性减小，随裂纹内部倾角的增大呈非线性增大，各变化规律可以通过多项式描述；磁场畸变量随裂纹参数的变化规律可以被函数化重构,重构结果与磁场响应间的决定系数超过0.99，误差平方和小于0.00115，均方误差小于0.003。

关键词: 钢轨, 滚动接触疲劳, 无损检测, 交流电磁场检测, 磁场响应

Abstract: As the response laws of the perturbed magnetic field in ACFM to rail RCF crack morphology parameters remained unclear, a novel method was proposed for functional reconstruction between the ACFM perturbed magnetic field and rail RCF crack parameters. The ACFM calculation models were established based on multiple field tests of surface length, ellipse ratio, and internal angle of RCF cracks in heavy-haul railway rails throughout their full life cycle. The perturbed magnetic field above RCF cracks with different parameters was numerically calculated using the ACFM model. The relationship between RCF crack parameters and the perturbed magnetic field was systematically analyzed. Through fitting and evaluation of the perturbed magnetic field's response to the spatial morphology parameters of RCF cracks, the functional expression of the response laws was reconstructed. The results demonstrate that the ACFM response to rail RCF crack parameters is synthetically characterized. The peak value of magnetic field x-component is observed to increase linearly with the surface length and nonlinearly with the internal angle of RCF cracks. Conversely, a nonlinear decrease may be identified as the ellipse ratio of RCF cracks increases. These variations are effectively described by polynomial functions. The change rules between the perturbed magnetic field and RCF crack parameters may be functional reconstructed. The determination coefficient between the reconstructed results and the perturbed magnetic field is found to exceed 0.99, while the sum of squared errors(SSE) and root mean squared errors(RMSE) are constrained to less than 0.001 15 and 0.003, respectively.

Key words: rail, rolling contact fatigue(RCF), non-destructive testing, alternative current field measurement(ACFM), magnetic response

中图分类号:

TH89

王驰1, 2, 周宇1, 2, 翁之意1, 2. 交变激励下钢轨表面裂纹的磁场畸变量重构[J]. 中国机械工程, 2025, 36(04): 830-839.

WANG Chi1, 2, ZHOU Yu1, 2, WENG Zhiyi1, 2. Reconstruction of Magnetic Field Responses Caused by Rail Surface Cracks with Alternative Current Excitation[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 36(04): 830-839.

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链接本文: https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.04.020

https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V36/I04/830

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