中国机械工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (10): 2618-2630.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.10.025
张玉良1(
), 杨泽洲2, 童江波3, 赵燕娟4, 朱祖超5(
)
收稿日期:2025-08-19
出版日期:2026-10-25
发布日期:2026-11-10
通讯作者:
朱祖超
作者简介:张玉良,男,1978年生,教授。研究方向为流体机械设计与优化。E-mail: zhang002@sina.com
ZHANG Yuliang1(
), YANG Zezhou2, TONG Jiangbo3, ZHAO Yanjuan4, ZHU Zuchao5(
)
Received:2025-08-19
Online:2026-10-25
Published:2026-11-10
Contact:
ZHU Zuchao
摘要:
在传统轴对称等距叶片基础上设计了两种非轴对称不等距叶片,建立了包含前后腔、口环间隙、平衡孔等在内的全三维计算域,对其进行了结构化网格划分;基于计算流体动力学方法对其进行了内部非定常流动的数值计算;通过性能实验验证了数值计算方法的可靠性。研究发现,非轴对称不等距叶片分布能适当地提高泵作透平的能量回收效率。在中小流量工况下,不等距叶片分布会导致叶轮所受轴向力增大,而在大流量工况下,不等距叶片分布对削减叶轮所受轴向力有一定作用。
中图分类号:
张玉良, 杨泽洲, 童江波, 赵燕娟, 朱祖超. 叶片不等距分布对泵作透平影响的数值计算[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(10): 2618-2630.
ZHANG Yuliang, YANG Zezhou, TONG Jiangbo, ZHAO Yanjuan, ZHU Zuchao. Numerical Calculation of the Influences of Uneven Blade Spacing on a PAT[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(10): 2618-2630.
| 参数 | 数值 |
|---|---|
| 进口直径DS/mm | 62 |
| 出口直径Dd/mm | 50 |
| 叶片数Z | 5 |
| 叶轮直径d2/mm | 160 |
| 进口安放角β1/(°) | 37.0 |
| 出口安放角β2/(°) | 34.5 |
| 叶片包角φ/(°) | 124.7 |
| 叶轮出口宽度b2/mm | 9.5 |
表1 离心泵主要几何参数
Tab. 1 Main structural parameters of centrifugal pump
| 参数 | 数值 |
|---|---|
| 进口直径DS/mm | 62 |
| 出口直径Dd/mm | 50 |
| 叶片数Z | 5 |
| 叶轮直径d2/mm | 160 |
| 进口安放角β1/(°) | 37.0 |
| 出口安放角β2/(°) | 34.5 |
| 叶片包角φ/(°) | 124.7 |
| 叶轮出口宽度b2/mm | 9.5 |
| 网格数量 | 扬程H/m | 网格收敛指数 | 数值/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| 642 753 | 31.74 | ||
| 1 865 628 | 31.49 | IGCI,21 | 2.38 |
| 2 366 209 | 31.45 | IGCI,32 | 0.49 |
表2 数值计算离散误差统计表[26]
Tab.2 Discretization error statistics table of numerical calculation[26]
| 网格数量 | 扬程H/m | 网格收敛指数 | 数值/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| 642 753 | 31.74 | ||
| 1 865 628 | 31.49 | IGCI,21 | 2.38 |
| 2 366 209 | 31.45 | IGCI,32 | 0.49 |
| 过流部件 | 网格数量 | 长宽比 | 最低正交质量 | y+ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 进口管 | 144 298 | 0.30~1.0 | 0.84 | 15.12 |
| 蜗壳 | 704 810 | 0.05~1.0 | 0.21 | 67.92 |
| 前后泵腔 | 750 360 | 0.10~1.0 | 0.63 | 31.58 |
| 叶轮 | 628 309 | 0.05~1.0 | 0.33 | 19.18 |
| 出口管 | 138 432 | 0.10~1.0 | 0.78 | 28.42 |
表3 网格细节
Tab.3 Grid details
| 过流部件 | 网格数量 | 长宽比 | 最低正交质量 | y+ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 进口管 | 144 298 | 0.30~1.0 | 0.84 | 15.12 |
| 蜗壳 | 704 810 | 0.05~1.0 | 0.21 | 67.92 |
| 前后泵腔 | 750 360 | 0.10~1.0 | 0.63 | 31.58 |
| 叶轮 | 628 309 | 0.05~1.0 | 0.33 | 19.18 |
| 出口管 | 138 432 | 0.10~1.0 | 0.78 | 28.42 |
| 间距1 | 间距2 | 间距3 | 间距4 | 间距5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 原型叶轮 | 72° | 72° | 72° | 72° | 72° |
| 叶轮A | 66° | 69° | 72° | 75° | 78° |
| 叶轮B | 60° | 66° | 72° | 78° | 84° |
表4 叶轮叶片间距分布方案
Tab. 4 Impeller blade spacing plan
| 间距1 | 间距2 | 间距3 | 间距4 | 间距5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 原型叶轮 | 72° | 72° | 72° | 72° | 72° |
| 叶轮A | 66° | 69° | 72° | 75° | 78° |
| 叶轮B | 60° | 66° | 72° | 78° | 84° |
| qV /(m3·h | H/m | P/kW | η/% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 原型叶轮 | 42.5 | 64.91 | 5.33 | 70.98 |
| 叶轮A | 45.0 | 70.82 | 6.22 | 71.78 |
| 叶轮B | 42.5 | 66.26 | 5.41 | 70.64 |
表5 最佳效率点及对应外特性
Tab. 5 External characteristics at BEP
| qV /(m3·h | H/m | P/kW | η/% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 原型叶轮 | 42.5 | 64.91 | 5.33 | 70.98 |
| 叶轮A | 45.0 | 70.82 | 6.22 | 71.78 |
| 叶轮B | 42.5 | 66.26 | 5.41 | 70.64 |
| [1] | 林通, 朱祖超, 李晓俊, 等. 离心泵作透平性能预测研究综述及展望[J]. 排灌机械工程学报, 2021, 39(6): 562-568. |
| LIN Tong, ZHU Zuchao, LI Xiaojun, et al. Performance Prediction of Centrifugal Pump as Turbines—a Review and Prospect[J]. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering, 2021, 39(6): 562-568. | |
| [2] | LIU Ming, TAN Lei, CAO Shuliang. Performance Prediction and Geometry Optimization for Application of Pump as Turbine: a Review[J]. Frontiers in Energy Research, 2022, 9: 818118. |
| [3] | 杨军虎, 姜丙孝, 苗森春, 等. 泵作透平发电系统设计及PID参数整定[J]. 兰州理工大学学报, 2019, 45(5): 50-54. |
| YANG Junhu, JIANG Bingxiao, MIAO Senchun, et al. Design of Power Generator System with Reversible Set of Pump as Turbine and PID Parameter Setting[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University of Technology, 2019, 45(5): 50-54. | |
| [4] | 赵勇, 王鑫, 王生辉, 等. 海水淡化高转速泵作透平的压力脉动分析[J]. 水力发电学报, 2022, 41(4): 83-92. |
| ZHAO Yong, WANG Xin, WANG Shenghui, et al. Analysis of Pressure Pulsation in High Rotating Speed Pump as Turbine in Seawater Desalination[J]. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 2022, 41(4): 83-92. | |
| [5] | ADU D, DU Jianguo, DARKO R O, et al. Investigating the State of Renewable Energy and Concept of Pump as Turbine for Energy Generation Development[J]. Energy Reports, 2020, 6: 60-66. |
| [6] | 熊晓晨, 周岩, 周祥曼, 等. 随动热锤辅助水轮机关键过流部件电弧增材再制造强塑协同调控[J]. 中国机械工程, 2025, 36(12): 3010-3016. |
| XIONG Xiaochen, ZHOU Yan, ZHOU Xiangman, et al. Strength-ductility Synergy Control of Key Overflow Components of Hydro-turbines by Follow-up Hot-hammering-assisted Wire Arc Additive Remanufacturing[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 36(12): 3010-3016. | |
| [7] | 杨孙圣, 周成, 孔详序, 等. 叶片数对混流泵作透平特性的影响[J]. 排灌机械工程学报, 2023, 41(5): 440-444. |
| YANG Sunsheng, ZHOU Cheng, KONG Xiangxu, et al. Influence of Blade Number on Hydraulic Characteristics of Mixed Flow Pump as Turbine[J]. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering, 2023, 41(5): 440-444. | |
| [8] | BINAMA M, SU Wentao, CAI Weihua, et al. Blade Trailing Edge Position Influencing Pump as Turbine (PAT) Pressure Field under Part-load Conditions[J]. Renewable Energy, 2019, 136: 33-47. |
| [9] | 袁志懿, 张永学, 祁紫伟. 隔舌安放角对泵作透平正反模式下水力性能的影响[J]. 储能科学与技术, 2021, 10(5): 1777-1787. |
| YUAN Zhiyi, ZHANG Yongxue, QI Ziwei. Hydraulic Characteristic of Pump as Turbine with Different Volute Tongue Angle in Direct and Reverse Modes[J]. Energy Storage Science and Technology, 2021, 10(5): 1777-1787. | |
| [10] | SHI Fengxia, YANG Junhu, WANG Xiaohui. Analysis on the Effect of Variable Guide Vane Numbers on the Performance of Pump as Turbine[J]. Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 2018, 10(6): 1687814018780796. |
| [11] | LI Yanjun, LIN Qixu, MENG Fan, et al. Research on the Influence of Tip Clearance of Axial-flow Pump on Energy Characteristics under Pump and Turbine Conditions[J]. Machines, 2022, 10(1): 56. |
| [12] | 苗森春, 杨军虎, 王晓晖, 等. 叶片数对泵作液力透平的性能影响[J]. 流体机械, 2018, 46(1): 1-5. |
| MIAO Senchun, YANG Junhu, WANG Xiaohui, et al. Effect of Blade Number on Performance of Pump as Turbine[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2018, 46(1): 1-5. | |
| [13] | JAIN S V, SWARNKAR A, MOTWANI K H, et al. Effects of Impeller Diameter and Rotational Speed on Performance of Pump Running in Turbine Mode[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2015, 89: 808-824. |
| [14] | WANG Tao, LIU Yunqi, DONG Yuancheng, et al. The Influence of the Middle Bending Shape of the Blade on the Performance of a Pump as Turbine[J]. Energy, 2024, 295: 131000. |
| [15] | SAREMIAN S, SHOJAEEFARD M H. Study on the Impact of Volute Geometric Modification on the Performance of Centrifugal Pump as Turbine[J]. Renewable Energy, 2025, 253: 123632. |
| [16] | YANG Sunsheng, LIU Houlin, KONG Fanyu, et al. Effects of the Radial Gap between Impeller Tips and Volute Tongue Influencing the Performance and Pressure Pulsations of Pump as Turbine[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 2014, 136(5): 054501. |
| [17] | 张欣娟, 雷王浩, 田龙. 粘性介质下离心泵作透平性能换算研究[J]. 液压气动与密封, 2022, 42(7): 9-14. |
| ZHANG Xinjuan, LEI Wanghao, TIAN Long. Study on Conversion Relation of Pump as Turbine in Viscous Medium[J]. Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals, 2022, 42(7): 9-14. | |
| [18] | ABAZARIYAN S, RAFEE R, DERAKHSHAN S. Experimental Study of Viscosity Effects on a Pump as Turbine Performance[J]. Renewable Energy, 2018, 127: 539-547. |
| [19] | 阮辉, 罗兴锜, 廖伟丽, 等. 叶片低压边厚度对水泵水轮机空化性能与强度的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(15): 32-39. |
| RUAN Hui, LUO Xingqi, LIAO Weili, et al. Effects of Low Pressure Edge Thickness on Cavitation Performance and Strength for Pump-turbine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(15): 32-39. | |
| [20] | Le MARRE M, MANDIN P, LANOISELLÉ J L, et al. Experimental Study on Performance Predictions of Pumps as Turbine[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2023, 292: 117235. |
| [21] | TANDEL R R, PATEL R N, JAIN S V. Correlation Development of Erosive Wear and Silt Erosion Failure Mechanisms for Pump as Turbine[J]. Engineering Failure Analysis, 2023, 153: 107610. |
| [22] | KAN Kan, ZHANG Qingying, XU Zhe, et al. Energy Loss Mechanism Due to Tip Leakage Flow of Axial Flow Pump as Turbine under Various Operating Conditions[J]. Energy, 2022, 255: 124532. |
| [23] | KAN Kan, ZHAO Feng, XU Hui, et al. Energy Performance Evaluation of an Axial-flow Pump as Turbine under Conventional and Reverse Operating Modes Based on an Energy Loss Intensity Model[J]. Physics of Fluids, 2023, 35: 015125. |
| [24] | WANG Wenjie, TAI Geyuan, SHEN Jiawei, et al. Experimental Investigation on Pressure Fluctuation Characteristics of a Mixed-flow Pump as Turbine at Turbine and Runaway Conditions[J]. Journal of Energy Storage, 2022, 55: 105562. |
| [25] | ROACHE P J. Perspective: a Method for Uniform Reporting of Grid Refinement Studies[J]. Journal of Fluids Engineering, 1994, 116(3): 405-413. |
| [26] | ZHAO Yanjuan, TONG Jiangbo, ZHANG Yuliang, et al. Numerical Calculation of the Influence of Typical Particle Properties on Pump as Turbine[J]. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, 2025, 47(5): 248. |
| [27] | 袁惠新, 王伟鹏, 付双成, 等. 卧式螺旋卸料沉降离心机螺旋空心轴内表面磨损的研究[J]. 流体机械, 2023, 51(12): 9-15. |
| YUAN Huixin, WANG Weipeng, FU Shuangcheng, et al. Study of the Erosion Phenomenon on the Inner Surface of the Spiral Hollow Shaft of Decanter Centrifuge[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2023, 51(12): 9-15. | |
| [28] | 苗森春, 李国柱, 张启龙, 等. 轴流泵作液力透平飞逸过程瞬态流动特性研究[J]. 热能动力工程, 2024, 39(8): 22-29. |
| MIAO Senchun, LI Guozhu, ZHANG Qilong, et al. Research on Transient Flow Characteristics of Axial-flow Pump as Hydraulic Turbine during Runaway Transition[J]. Journal of Engineering for Thermal Energy and Power, 2024, 39(8): 22-29. | |
| [29] | 伍杰, 邱宁, 朱涵, 等. 基于非定常空化流动的离心泵涡旋结构数值分析[J]. 西华大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 42(1): 90-99. |
| WU Jie, QIU Ning, ZHU Han, et al. Numerical Analysis of Vortex Structure in Centrifugal Pump Based on Unsteady Cavitation Flow[J]. Journal of Xihua University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 42(1): 90-99. | |
| [30] | LIU Chaoqun, GAO Yisheng, DONG Xiangrui, et al. Third Generation of Vortex Identification Methods: Omega and Liutex/Rortex Based Systems[J]. Journal of Hydrodynamics, 2019, 31(2): 42241. |
| [31] | GONG Yan, LIU Yonghong, PENG Cancan. Hydraulic Loss Analysis of Turbodrill Blade Cascades Based on Entropy Production Theory[J]. Geoenergy Science and Engineering, 2024, 241: 213093. |
| [32] | KOCK F, HERWIG H. Local Entropy Production in Turbulent Shear Flows: a High-Reynolds Number Model with Wall Functions[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2004, 47(10/11): 2205-2215. |
| [33] | JIANG Haibing, ZHENG Shaohan, ZHANG Yuliang, et al. Numerical Calculation of the Influence of Working Conditions and Rotational Speed on Pressure Pulsation of a Self-priming Pump[J]. Energy Science & Engineering, 2025, 13(8): 3954-3978. |
| [1] | 曾鑫宇, 许世维, 张小鹏, 贺晶晶, 魏路路, 李学博. 考虑电机额定转矩低温升特性约束的电驱动多轴车辆转矩优化分配控制策略[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(8): 2068-2079. |
| [2] | 周小云, 周家健, 陈勇, 阮健. 滞留容积对微型二维活塞泵容积效率的影响与优化[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(7): 1580-1586. |
| [3] | 王洪鹏, 李文超, 张迪, 田紫芊, 李殿成, 任伟, 郝丹, 曲文波. 多源进汽可变通流式汽轮机技术研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(7): 1794-1802. |
| [4] | 赵文涛, 陈正寿, 陈源捷, 杜炳鑫, 谭小利. 超高压水射流自驱旋转喷头空间布局优化[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(3): 624-633. |
| [5] | 张龙望, 冯治国, 赵磊, 张宇. 高速航空齿轮泵间隙对效率影响研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(2): 390-397. |
| [6] | 王钦1, 贺迪1, 薛建华2, 彭金3, 范子杰1. 驱动桥摆线准双曲面齿轮啮合效率优化设计[J]. 中国机械工程, 2024, 35(11): 1920-1927,1937. |
| [7] | 韩飞燕, 顾志成, 赵一鹏, 张传伟. 基于参数映射的叶轮粗加工椭圆摆线轨迹优化[J]. 中国机械工程, 2024, 35(03): 438-444,456. |
| [8] | 孙永国, 金欣, 薛冬, 单建平, 石晓春. 基于NSGA-Ⅱ的滑油泵叶轮结构优化设计[J]. 中国机械工程, 2024, 35(03): 559-569. |
| [9] | 吴泽刚, 侯永峰, 苗清, 李靖, 张定华, 罗明, . TC11钛合金整体叶轮铣削加工表面完整性研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2023, 34(23): 2862-2872. |
| [10] | 琚春, 刘佳, 杨胜强, 张晶晶, 赵旭辉, . 叶片前后缘识别及百叶轮抛磨工艺研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2023, 34(22): 2674-2683,2692. |
| [11] | 王倩玥, 曹华军, 林江海, 赖科旭, 李本杰, 葛威威. 考虑冷却能耗的干切机床效率分析及评价模型[J]. 中国机械工程, 2023, 34(19): 2333-2342. |
| [12] | 魏冰阳, 古德万, 王永强, 杨建军, . 高减比准双曲面齿轮摩擦功耗分析与效率试验[J]. 中国机械工程, 2023, 34(13): 1525-1532. |
| [13] | 刘基盛, 计良, 李威, 贾志新, 成金鑫, 方鹏程. 基于多代理模型的离心叶轮高效优化设计方法[J]. 中国机械工程, 2023, 34(08): 899-907. |
| [14] | 沈凡, 赵刚, 陈燕才, 熊雯. 高温雾化降尘效率关键影响参数研究及优化[J]. 中国机械工程, 2023, 34(07): 789-795,802. |
| [15] | 李颂, 杨新乐, 李惟慷, 唐美玲. 叶片梯度角对压气机叶轮固有频率的影响规律[J]. 中国机械工程, 2022, 33(02): 243-251. |
| 阅读次数 | ||||||
|
全文 |
|
|||||
|
摘要 |
|
|||||