中国机械工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 1497-1507.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.06.022

• 先进材料加工工程 • 上一篇    

大径厚比椭球收口环件回弹分析与模具优化研究

欧阳亚文1(), 赵亦希1(), 李晓凯2, 胡蓝2   

  1. 1.上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院, 上海, 200240
    2.上海航天设备制造总厂有限公司, 上海, 200245
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-21 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-07-17
  • 通讯作者: 赵亦希
  • 作者简介:欧阳亚文,男,1998年生,博士研究生。研究方向为薄壁构件塑性成形工艺。E-mail:yawen_ouyang@sjtu.edu.cn
    赵亦希*(通信作者),女,1971年生,博士、教授。研究方向为金属塑性成形理论。E-mail:yxzhao@sjtu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国航天科技集团公司第八研究院产学研合作基金(USCAST2023-9)

Springback Analysis and Die Optimization Design of Ellipsoid Rings with Large Diameter-thickness Ratio during Nosing Processes

OUYANG Yawen1(), ZHAO Yixi1(), LI Xiaokai2, HU Lan2   

  1. 1.School of Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai,200240
    2.Shanghai Aerospace Equipments Manufacturer Co. ,Ltd. ,Shanghai,200245
  • Received:2025-03-21 Online:2026-06-25 Published:2026-07-17
  • Contact: ZHAO Yixi

摘要:

为提高大径厚比椭球环件收口成形精度,对收口件回弹变形及模具优化进行了研究。利用有限元模型分析了收口件回弹分布规律,通过正交试验法分析了成形参数对收口件回弹的影响,采用位移调整法进行了回弹补偿。提出基于等厚碗状结构的带加强肋收口模具设计方案,利用Plackett-Burman Design筛选试验设计方法筛选出敏感结构参数;通过Box-Behnken Design响应面方法建立响应面模型,并结合自动寻优算法获得优化后模具结构参数。结果表明:椭球收口件口部区域回弹明显,中部及底部区域回弹较小;径厚比为127.66时收口件最大回弹量为0.92 mm。成形参数对收口环件回弹的影响显著程度大小排序为:模具长短轴比,环件径厚比,摩擦因数,冲压速度。采用位移调整法进行2次回弹补偿,最大回弹量从0.92 mm降低至0.05 mm。通过结构模式调整与响应面优化后收口模具峰值应力减小约27.5%,有效减少了模具应力集中。最后,针对外径638 mm、厚度5 mm、高度143 mm的环件进行了收口成形验证,其收口件表面光滑,无起皱等缺陷,且口部直径误差远小于5%,成形及模拟轮廓与理论轮廓的最大偏差小于0.25 mm,说明了该收口成形模具设计及优化方法的可行性。

关键词: 大径厚比椭球环件, 收口成形, 回弹分析, 模具优化, 响应面法

Abstract:

To improve the nosing forming accuracy of the ellipsoid rings with large diameter-thickness ratio, the springback deformation and the die optimization design were studied. The springback distribution of the nosed rings was analyzed by the finite element model. The influences of forming parameters on the springback of the nosed rings were investigated by the orthogonal design. Based on the displacement adjustment method, the springback compensation of the nosed rings was studied. The nosing die with reinforced ribs was proposed based on the equal-thickness bowl structure. The sensitive structure parameters were obtained by Plackett-Burman Design screening method. The response surface model was established by Box-Behnken Design response surface method, and the optimized structural parameters were obtained by the automatic optimization algorithm. The results show that the springback of the nosed rings at the mouth region is obvious, and the springback in the middle and bottom regions is small. The maximum springback of the nosed rings with the diameter-thickness ratio of 127.66 is 0.92 mm. The degree of influences of forming parameters on the springback of ellipsoid rings was ranked as follows: nosing die ellipticity,rings diameter-thickness ratio,friction coefficient,nosing speed. The maximum springback of the nosed rings is reduced from 0.92 mm to 0.05 mm after two springback compensations. The peak stress of the nosing die is reduced by about 27.5% by adjusting the structure layout and optimizing the structure parameters, resulting in effectively reducing the stress concentration. Finally, the verification of the nosing process was conducted for the ring part with large diameter-thickness ratio. The nosed ellipsoid rings exhibite a smooth surface without wrinkling, and the errors of the mouth diameter are much less than 5%. The maximum deviations between different contours are less than 0.25 mm, which clearly demonstrates the feasibility of the design method of the nosing dies.

Key words: ellipsoid ring with large diameter-thickness ratio, nosing process, springback analysis, die optimization, response surface method

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