自冲铆接头动态响应分析等效模型研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.04.015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

汽车车身在实际运行中时刻处于复杂路况导致的动态载荷作用下，而目前对自冲铆接（SPR）的研究集中于静态载荷响应分析，缺乏动态载荷的响应分析。提出了一种基于质量弹簧系统的自冲铆接接头动态建模分析方法。利用ABAQUS有限元分析识别自冲铆接头的拉伸、剪切刚度参数，将自冲铆接头与板材之间的连接抽象成为质量弹簧系统之间的连接关系；搭建了SPR三自由度非线性动态响应模型，利用有限元仿真对SPR动态响应等效模型进行验证。研究结果表明，SPR三自由度非线性动态响应模型可以实现对自冲铆接头动态响应的高效、准确预测。

关键词: 自冲铆接头, 动态响应, 非线性分析, 等效模型

Abstract:

The vehicle bodies were subjected to dynamic loads arising from complex road conditions during actual operations， current research on SPR primarily focused on static load response analysis， with insufficient attention given to dynamic load response analysis. A dynamic modelling and analysis method for SPR joints was proposed based on a mass-spring system herein. ABAQUS finite element analysis was employed to identify the tensile and shear stiffness parameters of the SPR joints. The connection between the SPR joints and the sheet metal was abstracted as an interaction between mass-spring systems， establishing a three-degree-of-freedom nonlinear dynamic response model for SPR. Finite element simulation was used to validate the SPR dynamic response equivalent model. Research indicates that the SPR three-degree-of-freedom nonlinear dynamic response model enables efficient and accurate prediction of SPR joints dynamic responses.

Key words: self-piercing rivet（SPR） joint, dynamic response, nonlinear analysis, equivalent model

中图分类号:

TG938

邱康博, 宋海生, 张胜兰, 郭昊天, 杨娜, 王文鑫. 自冲铆接头动态响应分析等效模型研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(4): 913-919.

QIU Kangbo, SONG Haisheng, ZHANG Shenglan, GUO Haotian, YANG Na, WANG Wenxin. Research on Equivalent Models for Dynamic Response Analysis of Self-piercing Rivet Joints[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(4): 913-919.

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链接本文: https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.04.015

https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V37/I4/913

图/表 13

图1 自冲铆接过程示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the self-piercing riveting process

图2 SPR接头受力图

Fig.2 Force diagram for SPR joint

图3 常态质量弹簧系统及受外部激励后的质量弹簧系统

Fig.3 Normal-state mass-spring system and externally excited mass-spring system

图4 铆钉及凹模几何尺寸

Fig.4 Rivets and die geometrical dimensions

表1 材料参数

Tab.1 Material parameters

弹性模量/

GPa

密度/

（kg·m $- 3$ ）

表1 材料参数

Tab.1 Material parameters

弹性模量/

GPa

密度/

（kg·m $- 3$ ）

泊松比

屈服强度/MPa

极限强度/MPa

铆钉

188

7830

0.3

1520

1666.6

AA6060-T4

69.911

2700

0.33

180

图5 板材材料应力-应变曲线

Fig.5 Stress-strain curve for sheet materials

图6 SPR工艺载荷-位移曲线

Fig.6 SPR process load-displacement curve

图7 SPR成形试验与仿真结果对比

Fig.7 Comparison of SPR moulding test and simulation results

图8 自冲铆接板拉伸、剪切模型

Fig.8 Tensile and shear models for self-piercing rivet plates

图9 SPR拉伸失效下载荷-位移曲线及试验仿真效果对比

Fig.9 SPR tensile failure load-displacement curve and experimental simulation results comparison

图10 SPR剪切失效下载荷-位移曲线及试验仿真效果对比

Fig.10 SPR shear failure load-displacement curve and experimental simulation effect comparison

图11 质量弹簧单元动力学模型建模

Fig.11 Modelling the dynamics of mass-spring units

图12 结构在冲击下的加速度响应与傅里叶变换曲线

Fig.12 Acceleration response of the structure under impact and its Fourier transform curve

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