中国机械工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (10): 2413-2422.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.10.031

• 工程前沿 • 上一篇    

联合收获机割台纵向高度-横向倾角协同仿形系统设计与试验

黄毅1(), 周涛1, 周志红2(), 任子誉1, 付玲3   

  1. 1.长沙理工大学汽车与机械工程学院, 长沙, 410114
    2.湖南工业职业技术学院机械工程学院, 长沙, 410208
    3.中联重科股份有限公司, 长沙, 410013
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-06 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-11-05
  • 通讯作者: 周志红
  • 作者简介:黄毅,男,1978年生,教授。研究方向为工程机械动力学及控制。E-mail:tjhuangyi110@163.com
    周志红*(通信作者),男,1978年生,高级工程师。研究方向为机械结构设计、液压传动控制等。E-mail:632430930@qq.com
    第一联系人:董国军*(通信作者),男,1974年生,副教授。研究方向为硬脆难加工材料的高效精密加工技术、超精密加工及纳米级切削加工技术等。E-mail:dongguojun@hit.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(51875048);国家自然科学基金(52105077);湖南省自然科学基金(2022JJ40550)

Design and Experiment of Longitudinal Height-lateral Inclination Synergistic Profiling System for Combine Harvester Headers

Yi HUANG1(), Tao ZHOU1, Zhihong ZHOU2(), Ziyu REN1, Lin FU3   

  1. 1.College of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering,Changsha University of Science and Technology,Changsha,410114
    2.School of Mechanical Engineering,Hunan Industry Polytechnic,Changsha,410208
    3.Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science &Technology Co. ,Ltd. ,Changsha,410013
  • Received:2024-10-06 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-11-05
  • Contact: Zhihong ZHOU

摘要:

为提高联合收获机割台纵向高度与横向倾角的协同仿形能力,并提高仿形装置的检测灵敏度,设计了一种割台协同仿形系统。系统由曲臂式仿形检测装置、割台升降与调平液压系统、PLC控制单元、HMI显示屏及手动调控模块等组成。通过对比分析直臂式与曲臂式两种仿形装置的检测灵敏度及其影响因素,优选出检测灵敏度更高的曲臂式仿形装置。提出一种割台协同仿形控制策略并结合改进的灰色预测变速PID算法进行系统控制,基于割台与其底部地形呈现的相对平行或倾斜状态,实现独立或联合调节割台高度与倾角。仿真结果表明,与传统PID相比,仿形系统调节时间相对缩短58%,有效提高了系统的调节速度。田间试验结果表明,在4~10 km/h的作业速度下,仿形系统保持较高的作业精度,留茬高度合格率相比手动模式平均提高42.42%,各组留茬高度与目标高度绝对误差均控制在15 mm以内,留茬更加均匀,表明仿形系统具有良好的协同仿形性能。

关键词: 纵向高度-横向倾角协同仿形, 仿形检测装置, 灰色预测, 变速PID 控制, 联合收获机

Abstract:

To improve the synergistic profiling capability of the combine harvester headers in terms of longitudinal height and lateral inclination, and enhance the detection sensitivity of the profiling devices, a synergistic profiling system for the headers was designed. The system consised of a curved-arm profiling detection device, a hydraulic system for header lifting and leveling, a PLC control unit, an HMI display and a manual control module. Through comparative analysis of the detection sensitivity and influencing factors of straight-arm and curved-arm profiling devices, the curved-arm profiling device with higher detection sensitivity was selected. A synergistic profiling control strategy for the headers was proposed, combined with an improved gray prediction variable-speed PID algorithm for the system control. Based on the relative parallel or inclined states between the header and the underlying terrain, independent or joint adjustment of the header heights and inclinations were achieved. Simulation results show that compared with the traditional PID control, the adjustment time of the profiling system is reduced by 58%, effectively improving the system response speed. Field tests indicate that at operating speeds of 4~10 km/h, the profiling system maintains high operation accuracy. The qualified rate of stubble height is increased by an average of 42.42% compared with the manual mode, and the absolute errors between the stubble heights of each group and the target heights are controlled within 15 mm, resulting in more uniform stubble. These results demonstrate that the profiling system has excellent synergistic profiling performance.

Key words: longitudinal height-lateral inclination synergistic profiling, profiling detection device, grey prediction, variable speed PID control, combine harvester

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