中国机械工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (10): 2343-2350.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.10.023
• 可持续制造 • 上一篇
郭保苏1,2(
), 王永春1, 马健明1, 孙万诚1, 王世运1, 黄传真1,2(
)
收稿日期:2024-12-06
出版日期:2025-10-25
发布日期:2025-11-05
通讯作者:
黄传真
作者简介:郭保苏,男,1986年生,教授、博士研究生导师。研究方向为智能排样、故障诊断、精密与超精密加工。E-mail:guobaosu@ysu.edu.cn基金资助:
Baosu GUO1,2(
), Yongchun WANG1, Jianming MA1, Wancheng SUN1, Shiyun WANG1, Chuanzhen HUANG1,2(
)
Received:2024-12-06
Online:2025-10-25
Published:2025-11-05
Contact:
Chuanzhen HUANG
摘要:
为了解决大理石板的下料问题,确保成品矩形板材的纹理和色差一致,同时提高材料的利用率,采取轮廓提取算法对大理石母板可排样区域进行轮廓提取,提出了基于母板滑动策略的矩形件排样方法。采用齐头切约束下的最低水平线算法构建样件域,提出融合人工蜂群算法和黑寡妇算法的混合算法(ABWO)对样件域进行优化。通过母板在样件域中进行滑动与旋转寻优,以母板填充率作为评价指标,实现了最优排样方案的高效求解。实验结果表明:在单一规格矩形的排样实验中,所提方法排样时间缩短90%以上,排样填充率与传统方法相当,排样结果满足一刀切约束,有利于后续切割下料;非单一规格矩形排样实验中,采用ABWO算法对零件排入顺序进行优化,样件域填充率提高5%。结合母板滑动策略,最终排样填充率与传统排样方法相比提高了3%。
中图分类号:
郭保苏, 王永春, 马健明, 孙万诚, 王世运, 黄传真. 基于母板滑动策略的大理石板材排样算法[J]. 中国机械工程, 2025, 36(10): 2343-2350.
Baosu GUO, Yongchun WANG, Jianming MA, Wancheng SUN, Shiyun WANG, Chuanzhen HUANG. A Method for Packing Marble Slabs Based on Original Plate Sliding Strategy[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 36(10): 2343-2350.
| No. | 传统排样方法 | 本文方法 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 排入数量 | 运行时间/s | 排入数量 | 运行时间/s | |
| 1 | 56 | 10.211 | 54 | 0.159 |
| 2 | 20 | 2.022 | 20 | 0.149 |
| 3 | 28 | 3.411 | 26 | 0.099 |
| 4 | 29 | 1.252 | 29 | 0.092 |
| 5 | 29 | 4.429 | 28 | 0.096 |
| 6 | 42 | 9.774 | 41 | 0.151 |
| 7 | 32 | 7.841 | 30 | 0.098 |
| 8 | 46 | 23.234 | 46 | 0.113 |
| 9 | 105 | 44.236 | 113 | 0.201 |
表1 本文方法与传统排样方法的对比结果
Tab.1 The results of comparison between the proposed method and the traditional layout method
| No. | 传统排样方法 | 本文方法 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 排入数量 | 运行时间/s | 排入数量 | 运行时间/s | |
| 1 | 56 | 10.211 | 54 | 0.159 |
| 2 | 20 | 2.022 | 20 | 0.149 |
| 3 | 28 | 3.411 | 26 | 0.099 |
| 4 | 29 | 1.252 | 29 | 0.092 |
| 5 | 29 | 4.429 | 28 | 0.096 |
| 6 | 42 | 9.774 | 41 | 0.151 |
| 7 | 32 | 7.841 | 30 | 0.098 |
| 8 | 46 | 23.234 | 46 | 0.113 |
| 9 | 105 | 44.236 | 113 | 0.201 |
| 算法 | 编号 | 利用率 | 平均利用率 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tabu | (1) | 87.372 | 87.616 |
| (2) | 87.685 | ||
| (3) | 87.790 | ||
| ABC | (1) | 87.592 | 88.189 |
| (2) | 88.328 | ||
| (3) | 88.648 | ||
| BWO | (1) | 88.482 | 88.899 |
| (2) | 89.006 | ||
| (3) | 89.209 | ||
| ABWO | (1) | 93.719 | 93.839 |
| (2) | 93.852 | ||
| (3) | 93.945 |
表2 4种启发式算法对样件域的布局优化结果 (%)
Tab.2 The layout optimization results of part domain by 4 heuristic algorithms
| 算法 | 编号 | 利用率 | 平均利用率 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tabu | (1) | 87.372 | 87.616 |
| (2) | 87.685 | ||
| (3) | 87.790 | ||
| ABC | (1) | 87.592 | 88.189 |
| (2) | 88.328 | ||
| (3) | 88.648 | ||
| BWO | (1) | 88.482 | 88.899 |
| (2) | 89.006 | ||
| (3) | 89.209 | ||
| ABWO | (1) | 93.719 | 93.839 |
| (2) | 93.852 | ||
| (3) | 93.945 |
| 母板 | 填充率/% | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 传统排样方法 | ABC | BWO | ABWO | |
| A | 88.33 | 88.31 | 85.07 | 91.85 |
| B | 90.43 | 89.28 | 84.79 | 93.63 |
表3 不同顺序优化算法下非单一规格矩形排样填充率
Tab.3 Filling rate of non-single rectangular layout under different sequential optimization algorithms
| 母板 | 填充率/% | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 传统排样方法 | ABC | BWO | ABWO | |
| A | 88.33 | 88.31 | 85.07 | 91.85 |
| B | 90.43 | 89.28 | 84.79 | 93.63 |
图17 ABWO顺序优化算法结合不规则母板滑动策略下的矩形排样结果
Fig.17 The results of rectangular layout based on irregular plate sliding strategy combined with ABWO sequential optimization algorithm
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