高刚度空间套筒展开机构级间锁紧技术研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.09.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对目前套筒机构应用于分体式空间望远镜展开中难以实现高刚度锁紧的问题，提出一种用于长焦距甚大口径空间望远镜次镜套筒式支撑的展开机构级间锁紧方案。通过建立胀紧瓣与套筒内壁的接触模型，探究了锁紧过程中胀紧瓣与套筒间法向接触情况以及载荷分布规律；采用伯努利-欧拉梁理论对胀紧瓣与套筒接触的法向接触力进行分析，得出级间锁紧力与设计间隙、锁紧作用点之间的规律，并通过有限元方法进行了验证；利用帕姆格林近似公式对驱动环斜面上升高度进行分析，得出了驱动环斜面设计参数，通过有限元手段对驱动环斜面上升高度取圆整数值时级间锁紧力进行分析，得到了锁紧力的数值及分布规律；搭建了锁紧机构实验样机并进行了实验测试，结果表明，滚动柱能够平稳地滚动到位，胀紧瓣的锁紧力符合预期，验证了该套筒机构锁紧方案的可行性。

关键词: 展开机构, 套筒锁紧, 无源锁紧, 高刚度, 挠度变形

Abstract:

To address the challenges in achieving high-stiffness locking during the deployment of segmented space telescopes using sleeve mechanisms， a staged locking scheme was proposed for the secondary mirror sleeve-supported deployment mechanisms of long-focal-length， large-aperture space telescopes. Contact models between expansion petals and inner sleeve walls were established， and the normal contact behavior and load distribution patterns during the locking processes were investigated. Bernoulli-Euler beam theory was employed to analyze the normal contact forces between the expansion petals and the sleeve. The relationship among inter-stage locking force， design clearance and locking point positions was derived and validated through finite element methods. The Palmgreen formula was applied to analyze the ascending displacement of the driving ring's inclined surfaces. The design parameters of the inclined surfaces were determined， and finite element methods were employed to analyze the inter-stage locking force when rounded values were assigned to the ascending displacement. The magnitude and distribution patterns of the locking forces were obtained. An experimental prototype of the locking mechanisms was constructed， the experimental results indicate that rolling cylinders smoothly roll into place， the locking forces of the expansion flaps meet expectations， and the feasibility of the sleeve locking mechanism design is confirmed.

Key words: deployment mechanism, sleeve locking, passive locking, high stiffness, deflection deformation

中图分类号:

TH122

关英俊, 张铭起, 逯焕泉, 杨会生, 孙宝玉. 高刚度空间套筒展开机构级间锁紧技术研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2025, 36(9): 1980-1988.

Yingjun GUAN, Mingqi ZHANG, Huanquan LU, Huisheng YANG, Baoyu SUN. Research on Inter-stage Locking Technology for High Stiffness Space Sleeve Deployment Mechanisms[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 36(9): 1980-1988.

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链接本文: https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.09.009

https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V36/I9/1980

图/表 27

图1 空间套筒展开机构示意图

Fig.1 Space sleeve deployment mechanism diagram

图2 锁紧机构剖视图

Fig.2 Sectioned view of locking mechanism

图3 接触状况

Fig.3 Contact condition

图4 胀紧瓣与套筒接触载荷分布

Fig.4 The contact load distribution between the expansion valve and the sleeve

图5 载荷分布图

Fig.5 Load distribution

图6 区域划分

Fig.6 Regional division

图7 总受力模型

Fig.7 Total force model

图8 BD区域挠曲变形

Fig.8 Deflection deformation of BD region

图9 DE区域挠曲变形

Fig.9 Deflection deformation of DE region

图10 力矩作用下BC区域挠度变形

Fig.10 Deflection deformation of BC region

图11 位移作用下BC区域挠曲变形

Fig.11 Deflection deformation of BC region

图12 法向接触力变化情况

Fig.12 normal contact force variation

图13 套筒与胀紧瓣有限元模型

Fig.13 Finite element model of sleeve and expansion disc

表1 锁紧模型参数表

Tab.1 Lock model parameter table

胀紧瓣高度 h/mm	滚动柱作用位置 l/mm	胀紧瓣-外套筒间隙 Δ/mm
3	30，35	0.2
3	30，35	0.3
4	30，35	0.2
4	30，35	0.3

图14 法向接触力F随上升高度w的变化趋势图

Fig.14 Trend chart of normal contact force F with increasing height w

表2 接触力理论值与有限元仿真值比较

Tab.2 Comparison between theoretical contact force value F and finite element simulation value

胀紧瓣高度h/mm	作用位置 l/mm	间隙 Δ/mm	F理论值/N	F仿真值/N	误差绝对值/%
3	30	0.3	214.5	208.3	2.9
3	35	0.3	159.7	165.4	3.6
3	30	0.2	143.0	137.2	4.1
3	35	0.2	106.5	110.1	3.4
4	30	0.3	350.5	343.5	2.0
4	35	0.3	262.1	272.0	4.5
4	30	0.2	236.4	230.6	2.4
4	352	0.	174.7	180.3	3.0

图15 载荷情况

Fig.15 Load condition

表3 仿真参数表

Tab.3 Simulation parameter table

胀紧瓣高度h/mm	设计间隙 $Δ$ /mm	驱动环斜面上升高度最小值 $δ D$ + $Δ$ /mm	作用点位置 l/mm
2	0.1	0.1	30，45，60
2	0.2	0.2	30，45，60
2	0.3	0.3	30，45，60
3	0.1	0.1	30，45，60
3	0.2	0.2	30，45，60
3	0.3	0.3	30，45，60

表3 仿真参数表

Tab.3 Simulation parameter table

胀紧瓣高度h/mm	设计间隙 $Δ$ /mm	驱动环斜面上升高度最小值 $δ D$ + $Δ$ /mm	作用点位置 l/mm
2	0.1	0.1	30，45，60
2	0.2	0.2	30，45，60
2	0.3	0.3	30，45，60
3	0.1	0.1	30，45，60
3	0.2	0.2	30，45，60
3	0.3	0.3	30，45，60

图16 边界条件

Fig.16 Boundary condition

图17 胀紧瓣与套筒之间接触力仿真结果

Fig.17 Simulation results of contact force between expansion disc and sleeve

图18 锁紧实验装配图

Fig.18 Locking test assembly drawing

图19 锁紧实验测试图

Fig.19 Locking test assembly drawing

图20 未锁紧状态下实验初始阻力

Fig.20 Initial experimental resistance in unlocked state

图21 锁紧状态1下的实验推力与拉力

Fig.21 Experimental thrust and tension under locked state 1

图22 锁紧状态2下的实验推力与拉力

Fig.22 Experimental thrust and tension under locked state 2

图23 锁紧状态3下的实验推力与拉力

Fig.23 Experimental thrust and tension under locked state 3

图24 锁紧状态4下的实验推力与拉力

Fig.24 Experimental thrust and tension under locked state 4

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