高速激光熔覆马氏体不锈钢涂层与电镀层性能对比与研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2024.08.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为对比研究不同液压缸服役工况下高速激光熔覆涂层替代电镀硬铬层的可行性，分别制备了马氏体不锈钢熔覆层XG-1、XG-2和电镀硬铬涂层，开展了三种涂层组织、硬度、腐蚀性能及模拟不同工况（划伤磨损、干砂摩擦磨损、滑动摩擦磨损）下磨损性能测试，探讨了涂层失效行为及其应用工况。结果表明：XG-1、XG-2涂层微观组织致密且均匀，平均显微硬度为720.5 HV、653 HV；电镀硬铬涂层分布孔隙和裂纹等缺陷，自腐蚀电流密度为10.45 μA/cm2，耐腐蚀性能最差；三种磨损形式下电镀硬铬涂层均发生了开裂及剥落，高速激光熔覆涂层表现出更优异的耐磨性能，适用于活塞杆易拉伤、外界富集硬质颗粒污染物、大侧向载荷等液压缸服役工况。

关键词: 高速激光熔覆, 电镀硬铬, 磨损行为, 液压缸活塞杆, 马氏体不锈钢涂层

Abstract: In order to compare the feasibility of high-speed laser cladding coatings replacing electroplated hard chrome coatings under different service conditions of hydraulic cylinders, martensite stainless steel cladding layers XG-1, XG-2 and electroplated hard chrome coatings were prepared respectively. The microstructure, hardness, corrosion performance and wear performance under simulated different conditions(scratch wear, dry sand grinding wear, sliding friction wear) of the three coatings were tested, and the coating failure behavior and application conditions were discussed. The results show that the microstructures of XG-1 and XG-2 coatings are dense and uniform, with an average microhardness of 720.5 HV and 653 HV, respectively. The electroplated hard chrome coatings contain defects such as pores and cracks, and the self-corrosion current density is about 10.45 μA/cm2, indicating the worst corrosion resistance. Under the three wear modes, the electroplated hard chrome coatings have cracked and peeled off, while the high-speed laser cladding coatings exhibit better wear resistance, which are suitable for the service conditions of hydraulic cylinders such as piston rod easily to be scratched, surrounding environment being rich in hard particle pollutants, and large lateral loads.

Key words: high-speed laser cladding, electroplated hard chromium, wear behavior, hydraulic cylinder piston rod, martensitic stainless-steel coating

中图分类号:

TG404

王井1, 2, 艾超1, 员霄2, 朱迅2, 郭飞2. 高速激光熔覆马氏体不锈钢涂层与电镀层性能对比与研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2024, 35(08): 1480-1488.

WANG Jing1, 2, AI Chao1, YUAN Xiao2, ZHU Xun2, GUO Fei2. Performance Comparison of High-speed Laser Cladding Martensitic Stainless-steel Coatings and Electroplating Coatings[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2024, 35(08): 1480-1488.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: http://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2024.08.016

http://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/Y2024/V35/I08/1480

参考文献

［1］郑圆圆, 王井, 何冰, 等. 液压缸活塞杆表面高速激光熔覆涂层高效后处理技术研究［J］. 液压气动与密封, 2022, 42(12):101-106.
ZHENG Yuanyuan, WANG Jing, HE Bing, et al. Study on High Efficiency Post-treatment Technology of High Speed Laser Cladding Coating on Piston Rod Surface of Hydraulic Cylinder［J］. Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals, 2022, 42(12):101-106.
［2］张强, 郭彦斌, 张卫东, 等. 浅谈海工重载升降液压缸的设计与工艺关键技术［J］. 工程机械, 2023, 54(12):130-134.
ZHANG Qiang, GUO Yanbin, ZHANG Weidong, et al. Discussion on Key Technologies of Design and Process of Heavy-duty Hydraulic Jacking Cylinders in Ocean Projects［J］. Construction Machinery and Equipment, 2023, 54(12):130-134.
［3］张磊, 陈小明, 张凯, 等. 沿海水闸活塞杆表面激光熔覆Ni基涂层组织及其抗磨耐蚀性能［J］. 材料保护, 2019, 52(11):17-22.
ZHANG Lei, CHEN Xiaoming, ZHANG Kai, et al. Microstructure and Wear/Corrosion Resistance of Laser Cladding Ni-based Coating on Hydraulic Piston Rod for Coastal Sluice［J］. Materials Protection, 2019, 52(11):17-22.
［4］王博, 陈秋旭, 刘鸿喜, 等. 热喷涂技术提高活塞杆耐磨和耐腐蚀的方法［J］. 液压气动与密封, 2013, 33(10):59-61.
WANG Bo, CHEN Qiuxu, LIU Hongxi, et al. Method to Improve the Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Piston Rods by Thermal Spray［J］. Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals, 2013, 33(10):59-61.
［5］HOUDKOV , ZAHLKA F, KAPAROV M, et al. Comparative Study of Thermally Sprayed Coatings under Different Types of Wear Conditions for Hard Chromium Replacement［J］. Tribology Letters, 2011, 43(2):139-154.
［6］BOLELLI G. Replacement of Hard Chromium Plating by Thermal Spraying—Problems, Solutions and Possible Future Approaches［J］. Surface Engineering, 2009, 25(4):263-269.
［7］赵晋斌, 赵起越, 陈林恒, 等. 不同表面处理方式对300M钢在青岛海洋大气环境下腐蚀行为的影响［J］. 中国腐蚀与防护学报, 2019, 39(6):504-510.
ZHAO Jinbin, ZHAO Qiyue, CHEN Linheng, et al. Effect of Different Surface Treatments on Corrosion Behavior of 300M Steel in Qingdao Marine Atmosphere［J］. Journal of Chinese Society for Corrosion and Protection, 2019, 39(6):504-510.
［8］PIOLA R, ANG A S M, LEIGH M, et al. A Comparison of the Antifouling Performance of Air Plasma Spray (APS) Ceramic and High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) Coatings for Use in Marine Hydraulic Applications［J］. Biofouling, 2018, 34(5):479-491.
［9］周嘉利, 程延海, 陈永雄, 等. 激光熔覆工艺参数对铁基双层涂层组织和残余应力的影响［J］. 中国机械工程, 2022, 33(12):1418-1426.
ZHOU Jiali, CHENG Yanhai, CHEN Yongxiong, et al. Effects of Laser Cladding Process Parameters on Microstructure and Residual Stresses of Fe-based Double Layer Coatings［J］. China Mechanical Engineering, 2022, 33(12):1418-1426.
［10］YUAN Wuyan, LI Ruifeng, CHEN Zhaohui, et al. A Comparative Study on Microstructure and Properties of Traditional Laser Cladding and High-speed Laser Cladding of Ni45 Alloy Coatings［J］. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2021, 405:126582.
［11］陈书楠, 娄丽艳, 纪纲, 等. 超高速与常规激光熔覆Fe基涂层微观组织及性能研究［J］. 表面技术, 2022, 51(12):358-370.
CHEN Shunan, LOU Liyan, JI Gang, et al. Microstructure and Properties of Fe-based Alloy Prepared by Ultra-high Speed Laser Cladding and Conventional Laser Cladding［J］. Surface Technology, 2022, 51(12):358-370.
［12］李云峰, 石岩. 脉冲频率对激光熔覆层微观组织与性能的影响［J］. 中国机械工程, 2021, 32(17):2108-2117.
LI Yunfeng, SHI Yan. Influences of Pulse Frequency on Microstructure and Properties in Laser Cladding Layers［J］. China Mechanical Engineering, 2021, 32(17):2108-2117.
［13］XU X , DU J L , LUO K Y ,et al. Microstructural Features and Corrosion Behavior of Fe-based Coatings Prepared by an Integrated Process of Extreme High-speed Laser Additive Manufacturing［J］. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2021:127500.
［14］MENG Li, SHENG Peihao, ZENG Xiaoyan. Comparative Studies on the Ni60 Coatings Deposited by Conventional and Induction Heating Assisted Extreme-high-speed Laser Cladding Technology:Formability, Microstructure and Hardness［J］. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2022, 16:1732-1746.
［15］HEMMATI I, OCELK V, de HOSSON J T M. The Effect of Cladding Speed on Phase Constitution and Properties of AISI 431 Stainless Steel Laser Deposited Coatings［J］. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2011, 205(21/22):5235-5239.
［16］崔陆军, 于计划, 郭士锐, 等. Mo对铁基合金激光熔覆层组织与性能的影响［J］. 煤矿机械, 2020, 41(1):66-68.
CUI Lujun, YU Jihua, GUO Shirui, et al. Effect of Mo on Microstructure and Properties of Laser Cladding Ironbased Alloy Coating［J］. Coal Mine Machinery, 2020, 41(1):66-68.
［17］宗琳, 周建, 杨洋, 等. Mo元素对Fe-Cr-Mo-C堆焊合金组织和性能的影响［J］. 焊接技术, 2021, 50(3):15-18.
ZONG Lin, ZHOU Jian, YANG Yang, et al. Effect of Mo on the Microstructure and Properties of Fe-Cr-Mo-C Hardfacing Layers［J］. Welding Technology, 2021, 50(3):15-18.
［18］ZHU Hongmei, LI Yongzuo, LI Baichun, et al. Effects of Low-temperature Tempering on Microstructure and Properties of the Laser-cladded AISI 420 Martensitic Stainless Steel Coating［J］. Coatings, 2018, 8(12):451.
［19］朱红梅, 胡文锋, 李勇作, 等. 回火温度对马氏体不锈钢激光熔覆层组织和性能的影响［J］. 中国激光, 2019, 46(12):54-61.
ZHU Hongmei, HU Wenfeng, LI Yongzuo, et al. Effect of Tempering Temperature on Microstructure and Properties of Laser-cladded Martensitic Stainless Steel Layer［J］. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2019, 46(12):54-61.
［20］王建刚, 李壮, 黄风山, 等. Mo含量对铁基熔覆层组织及性能的影响［J］. 河北科技大学学报, 2022, 43(3):319-327.
WANG Jiangang, LI Zhuang, HUANG Fengshan, et al. Effect of Mo Content on Microstructure and Properties of Iron-based Cladding Layer［J］. Journal of Hebei University of Science and Technology, 2022, 43(3):319-327.
［21］李明喜, 修俊杰, 赵庆宇, 等. 钼对钴基合金激光熔覆层组织与耐磨性的影响［J］. 焊接学报, 2009, 30(11):17-20.
LI Mingxi, XIU Junjie, ZHAO Qingyu, et al. Effect of Mo Content on Microstructure and Wear Resistance of Co-based Coatings by Laser Cladding［J］. Transactions of the China Welding Institution, 2009, 30(11):17-20.
［22］李俐群, 申发明, 周远东, 等. 超高速激光熔覆与常规激光熔覆431不锈钢涂层微观组织和耐蚀性的对比［J］. 中国激光, 2019, 46(10):166-175.
LI Liqun, SHEN Faming, ZHOU Yuandong, et al. Comparison of Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of 431 Stainless Steel Coatings Prepared by Extreme High-speed Laser Cladding and Conventional Laser Cladding［J］. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 2019, 46(10):166-175.
［23］GREENWOOD J A, WILLIAMSON J B P. Contact of Nominally Flat Surfaces［J］. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A, 1966, 295(1442):300-319.
［24］HUTCHINGS I M, SHIPWAY P. Tribology:Friction and Wear of Engineering Materials［M］. 2nd ed. Butterworth-Heinemann:Oxford, 2017.
［25］赵高敏, 王昆林, 刘家浚. La2O3对激光熔覆铁基合金层硬度及其分布的影响［J］. 金属学报, 2004, 40(10):1115-1120.
ZHAO Gaomin, WANG Kunlin, LIU Jiajun. Effect of La2O3 on Hardness Distributions of Laser Clad ferrite-based Alloy Coatings［J］. Acta Metallrugica Sinica, 2004, 40(10):1115-1120.
［26］刘志威, 魏祥, 汪力, 等. 超高速激光熔覆Fe-Cr-B基耐磨涂层工艺优化及性能研究［J］. 矿冶工程, 2023, 43(5):169-173.
LIU Zhiwei, WEI Xiang, WANG Li, et al. Process Optimization and Property Investigation for Ultra-high-speed Laser Cladded Fe-Cr-B Based Wear-resistant Coating［J］. Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 2023, 43(5):169-173.
［27］CANEDA C M, GARGARELLA P, RIVA R, et al. Advanced Characterization of Bulk Alloy and In-situ Debris Nanoparticles Formed during Wear of Fe-Nb-B Ultrafine Eutectic Laser Cladding Coatings［J］. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2023, 23:3455-3469.
［28］ZHAO Yue, LI Ruifeng, WU Mingfang, et al. Effect of C-BN on the Microstructure and High Temperature Wear Resistance of Laser Cladded Ni-based Composite Coating［J］. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2021, 421:127466.

[1]	董志波1, 王程程1, 李承昆1, 李峻臣2, 赵耀邦2, 历吴恺2, 徐爱杰2. 复杂载荷、极端环境下焊接结构疲劳寿命预测研究综述[J]. 中国机械工程, 2024, 35(05): 829-839.
[2]	骆文泽, 成慧梅, 刘红艳, 王义峰, 叶延洪, 邓德安. 高强钢Q960E对接接头残余应力与焊接变形的数值模拟[J]. 中国机械工程, 2023, 34(17): 2095-2105,2141.
[3]	周嘉利, 程延海, 陈永雄, 梁秀兵, 白成杰, 杜望. 激光熔覆工艺参数对铁基双层涂层组织和残余应力的影响[J]. 中国机械工程, 2022, 33(12): 1418-1426，1434.
[4]	李元泰, 吴华鑫, 董斌, 肖慎翀. Q345/SUS304异种钢焊接接头固有应变的变化规律研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2021, 32(15): 1868-1873.
[5]	王林1;潘骏1;贺青川1;丁炜2;顾利威2. 后倾式离心风机叶轮机器人焊接工艺优化[J]. 中国机械工程, 2020, 31(19): 2379-2387.
[6]	郭楠1;马喜强1;殷咸青2;余永健1. 基于初始变形的薄板堆焊变形预测技术[J]. 中国机械工程, 2020, 31(03): 367-372.
[7]	汤一博1;孙宏波2;余海东1;郑斌1;来新民1. 夹具拘束下大型薄壁铝合金结构搅拌摩擦焊接变形特性[J]. 中国机械工程, 2019, 30(15): 1881-1889.
[8]	舒林森1,2;王家胜1. 铣刀盘激光熔覆修复过程的温度场与应力场有限元仿真[J]. 中国机械工程, 2019, 30(01): 79-84.
[9]	区达铨1;王发展1;赵申1;郑建校1;刘太平2. 大型复杂框架结构焊接变形与应力控制仿真[J]. 中国机械工程, 2018, 29(05): 616-622.
[10]	张勇, 綦秀玲. 随焊冲击旋转挤压控制LD10薄板件焊接变形和热裂纹的研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2013, 24(13): 1817-1821.
[11]	李继红1, 晁利宁1, 徐金2, 张敏1. TRT蜗壳结构特性的有限元数值模拟[J]. 中国机械工程, 2012, 23(15): 1840-1843.
[12]	邓乾旺, 文文. 基于拉丁超立方抽样的薄板装配误差分析[J]. 中国机械工程, 2012, 23(8): 947-951.
[13]	熊林玉, 张彦华. 含裂纹强度失配焊接接头弹塑性变形分析[J]. 中国机械工程, 2012, 23(6): 733-738.
[14]	杨洪刚. 管板单面电阻点焊弹塑性变形分解 [J]. 中国机械工程, 2011, 22(5): 608-610.
[15]	毛志伟, 潘际銮, 张华. 狭小空间直角角焊缝移动焊接机器人系统研制 [J]. 中国机械工程, 2010, 21(17): 2040-2043,2049.