Abstract:  With increasing of productivity and development of machines， the concept of “machine composition” also evolved. The requirements of modern society for machines were gradually increasing， and complex machines came from the transformation of traditional machines. Understanding the evolution of machines was a necessary process for the transformation of traditional machines. Marx first described the composition of machines in his Das Kapital， which coincided with the start of the Second Industrial Revolution. However， within only a few years， the control system joined a machine， and Marxs “concept of machine composition” began to be broken through. In the second half of the 20th century， in the Third Scientific and Technological Revolution， the concept of mechatronics emerged， and electronic technology， control technology and sensor technology were integrated into mechanical systems. The evolution processes of the concept of machine composition were explained through the history of the development of machines herein. By analyzing the evolution of the concept of machine composition， a more accurate definition of modern mechanical systems was put forword. It may enlighten people， increase their understanding of the machine itself， which has guiding significance for modern mechanical product designers. 

Key words: machine composition, mechanical system, mechatronic engineering, evolution

摘要： 随着生产力的发展，机器在发展，“机器组成”的概念也在演变。现代社会对机器的要求逐步提高，而复杂的机器来源于对传统机器的改造，了解机器的演变是对传统机器进行改造的必要过程。马克思在《资本论》中描述了机器的组成，当时适逢第二次工业革命开始，但其后不过数年，控制系统就加入到机器中，马克思的“机器组成说” 开始被突破；20世纪下半叶，在第三次科技革命中，机电一体化概念出现，电子技术、控制技术和传感器技术等被融入到机械系统中。通过机械的发展历史说明了机器组成概念的演变过程，并提出了更准确的现代机械系统的定义，从而给人以启发，增加对机器本身的了解，对现代机械产品设计者具有指导意义。

关键词: 机器组成, 机械系统, 机械电子工程, 演变