基于时变零相位滤波的变转速滚动轴承故障诊断

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对变转速下齿轮箱中滚动轴承故障调制特征的提取与分离，提出了基于时变零相位滤波的变转速滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法先用线调频小波路径追踪(CPP)算法从齿轮箱滚动轴承故障振动信号中估计出齿轮啮合频率，由啮合频率除以齿数得到齿轮箱的转速，同时，采用Hilbert包络解调方法获取轴承故障振动信号的包络信号；然后根据获取的转速信息设计各阶时变零相位滤波器；再采用各时变零相位滤波器对包络信号进行分析，获取各调制信号；最后，利用转速信号对求取的各调制信号进行阶次分析，并根据各阶次谱来诊断滚动轴承故障。算法仿真和应用实例分析表明，该方法可有效提取和分离变速齿轮箱中滚动轴承的各阶故障调制特征。

关键词: 时变零相位滤波, 线调频小波路径追踪, 阶次谱, 变转速, 滚动轴承

Abstract: Aiming at the problems of extracting and separating fault modulation characteristics of rolling bearings from vibration signals of a gearbox under variable rotate speeds, a new fault diagnosis method for rolling bearings was proposed based on time-varying zero-phase filter. The gear mesh frequency was estimated from the vibration signals of faulted rolling bearings in gearbox by using chirplet path pursuit, and thus the shaft rotating speed of gearbox might be obtained by dividing the gear meshing frequency by the number of gear teeth, meanwhile, the analysis of Hilbert envelope demodulation was carried out to obtain the envelope signal of the vibration signals of faulted rolling bearings. And according to the shaft rotating speeds, each time-varying zero-phase filter was designed. Then each modulation signal was acquired by the analysis of time-varying zero-phase filter to the envelope signal. Lastly, the fault diagnosis of rolling bearings was carried out according to the order spectrum, which was obtained by using order analysis to each modulation signal on the basis of the shaft rotating speeds. Simulations and application examples indicate that the proposed method may effectively extract and separate each fault modulation characteristics of rolling bearings from a rotating speed changing gearbox.

Key words: time-varying zero-phase filter, chirplet path pursuit, order spectrum, variable rotate speed, rolling bearing

中图分类号:

陈向民;张亢;晋风华;李录平. 基于时变零相位滤波的变转速滚动轴承故障诊断[J]. 中国机械工程.

CHEN Xiangmin;ZHANG Kang;JIN Fenghua;LI Luping. Fault Diagnosis Method for Rolling Bearings under Variable Rotate Speed Based on Time-varying Zero-phase Filter[J]. China Mechanical Engineering.

参考文献

[1]丁康，李巍华，朱小勇. 齿轮及齿轮箱故障诊断实用技术[M]. 北京：机械工业出版社，2005.
DING Kang，LI Weihua，ZHU Xiaoyong. The Gear and Gearbox Fault Diagnosis Practical Technology[M]. Beijing：China Machine Press，2005.
[2]李志农，丁启全，吴昭同，等. 旋转机械升降速过程中的双谱-FHMM识别方法[J]. 振动工程学报，2003，16(2): 171-174.
LI Zhinong, DING Qiquan, WU Zhaotong, et al. Study on Bispectrum-FHMM Recognition Method in Speed-up and Speed-down Process of Rotating Machinery[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2003,16(2):171-174.
[3]张亢，程军圣. 基于LMD和阶次跟踪分析的滚动轴承故障诊断[J]. 振动、测试与诊断，2016，36(3)：586-591.
ZHANG Kang, CHENG Junsheng. A Fault Diagnosis Method for Rolling Bearing Based on LMD and Order Tracking Analysis[J]. Journal of Vibration, Measurement & Diagnosis,2016, 36(3): 586-591.
[4]康海英，栾军英，郑海起，等. 基于阶次跟踪和经验模态分解的滚动轴承包络解调分析[J]. 机械工程学报，2007，43(8)：119-122.
KANG Haiying, LUAN Junying, ZHENG Haiqi, et al. Envelope Demodulation Analysis of Bearing Based on Order Tracking and Empirical Mode Decomposition[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2007, 43(8): 119-122.
[5]郭瑜，秦树人，汤宝平，等. 基于瞬时频率估计的旋转机械阶比跟踪[J]. 机械工程学报，2003，39(3): 32-36.
GUO Yu, QIN Shuren, TANG Baoping, et al. Order Tracking of Rotating Machinery Based on Instantaneous Frequency Estimation[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2003, 39(3): 32-36.
[6]BORGHESANI P，PENNACCHI P，RANDALL R B，et al. Order Tracking for Discrete-random Separation in Variable Speed Conditions[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing，2012，30：1-22.
[7]孟宗，闫晓丽，王赛. 基于HMM校正与神经网络延拓的EMD端点效应抑制方法[J]. 中国机械工程，2015，26(14): 1920-1925.
MENG Zong, YAN Xiaoli, WANG Sai. Restraining Method of End Effect for EMD Based on Error Calibration by HMM and Neural Network[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2015, 26(14): 1920-1925.
[8]CHENG Junsheng, YU Dejie, YANG Yu. A Fault Diagnosis Approach for Roller Bearings Based on EMD Method and AR Model[J]. Mechanical System and Signal Processing, 2006, 20: 350-362.
[9]何青，褚东亮，毛新华. 基于EEMD和MFFOA-SVM的滚动轴承故障诊断[J]. 中国机械工程，2016，27(9): 1191-1197.
HE Qing, CHU Dongliang, MAO Xinhua. Study on Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on EEMD and MFFOA-SVM[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2016, 27(9): 1191-1197.
[10]LEI Yaguo, HE Zhengjia, ZI Yanyang. Application of the EEMD Method to Rotor Fault Diagnosis of Rotating Machinery[J].Mechanical System and Signal Processing, 2009, 23(4): 1327-1338.
[11]孟宗，闫晓丽，王亚超. 基于LMD和HMM的旋转机械故障诊断[J]. 中国机械工程，2014，25(21): 2942-2946.
MENG Zong, YAN Xiaoli, WANG Yachao. Rotating Machinery Fault Diagnosis Based on Local Mean Decomposition and Hidden Markov Model[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2014, 25(21): 2942-2946.
[12]CHENG Junsheng， ZHANG Kang, YANG Yu. An Order Tracking Technique for the Gear Fault Diagnosis Using Local Mean Decomposition Method[J]. Mechanism and Machine Theory，2012，55: 67-76.
[13]唐贵基，王晓龙. 变分模态分解方法及其在滚动轴承早期故障诊断中的应用[J]. 振动工程学报，2016，29(4): 638-648.
TANG Guiji, WANG Xiaolong. Variational Mode Decomposition Method and Its Application on Incipient Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearing[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2016, 29(4): 638-648.
[14]彭富强，于德介，吴春燕. 基于自适应时变滤波阶比跟踪的齿轮箱故障诊断[J]. 机械工程学报，2012，48(7): 77-85.
PENG Fuqiang, YU Dejie, WU Chunyan. Self-adaptively Time-varying Filter Based Order Tracking Method and Its Application in Gearbox Fault Diagnosis[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2012, 48(7): 77-85.
[15]WU Chunyan, LIU Jian, PENG Fuqiang, et al. Gearbox Fault Diagnosis Using Adaptive Zero Phase Time-varying Filter Based on Multi-scale Chirplet Sparse Signal Decomposition[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2013, 26(4): 831-838.
[16]CANDS E J, CHARLTON P R, HELGASON H. Detecting Highly Oscillatory Signals by Chirplet Path Pursuit[J]. Applied and Computational Harmonic Analysis, 2008, 24(1)：14-40.
[17]LUO Jiesi, YU Dejie, LIANG Ming. Gear Fault Detection Under Time-varying Rotating Speed via Joint Application of Multiscale Chirplet Path Pursuit and Multiscale Morphology Analysis[J]. Structural Health Monitoring, 2012, 11(5)：526-537.
[18]陈向民, 于德介, 任凌志，等. 基于线调频小波路径追踪阶比能量解调的齿轮轮齿裂纹故障诊断[J]. 中国机械工程, 2011, 22(21): 2598-2603.
CHEN Xiangmin, YU Dejie, REN Lingzhi, et al. Order Energy Demodulating Approach Based on Chirplet Path Pursuit and Its Application to Gear Tooth Crack Fault Diagnosis[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2011, 22(21): 2598-2603.
[19]纪跃波，秦树人，汤宝平. 零相位数字滤波的方法与实现[J]. 振动、测试与诊断，2000，20(增刊): 167-172.
JI Yuebo, QIN Shuren, TANG Baoping.Method and Realization of Zero Phase Digital Filter[J]. Journal of Vibration, Measurement & Diagnosis, 2000, 20(S): 167-172.