电动轮自卸车车架结构抗疲劳轻量化设计

中国机械工程

电动轮自卸车车架结构抗疲劳轻量化设计

米承继1,2,3;谷正气1,3;蹇海根3;张勇1,3;李光3;熊勇刚3;李文泰3

1.湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室，长沙，410082
2.长沙理工大学工程车辆轻量化与可靠性技术湖南省高校重点实验室，长沙，410114
3.湖南工业大学机械工程学院，株洲，412007

出版日期:2017-10-25 发布日期:2017-10-24
作者简介:Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 2017JJ3059）

Anti-fatigue and Lightweight Design for Frame Structures of Electric Wheel Dump Trucks

MI Chengji1,2,3;GU Zhengqi1,3;JIAN Haigen3;ZHANG Yong1,3;LI Guang3;XIONG Yonggang3;JIANG Chao1

1.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacture for Vehicle Body,Hunan University,Changsha,410082
2.Key Laboratory of Lightweight and Reliability Technology for Engineering Vehicle,Education Department of Hunan Province,Changsha University of Science & Technology,Changsha,410114
3.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hunan University of Technology,Zhuzhou,Hunan,412007

Online:2017-10-25 Published:2017-10-24
Supported by:
湖南省自然科学基金资助项目（2017JJ3059）；
湖南省教育厅科学研究项目（16C0488）;
长沙理工大学工程车辆轻量化与可靠性技术湖南省高校重点实验室开放基金资助项目（2017kfjj03）
Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 2017JJ3059）

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对传统经验式设计的电动轮自卸车车架结构存在刚度不足、焊缝开裂、重量冗余，以及自身固有频率与非簧载质量激励频率接近而可能发生共振等问题，开展车架结构性能多目标优化设计的研究。首先，基于变密度法和SIMP插值模型对原始车架结构进行了考虑疲劳寿命约束的多目标拓扑优化设计，得到了满足静态多工况下柔度最小和多阶低阶固有频率最大的拓扑优化结构。再次，基于Kriging近似模型的抗疲劳轻量化设计，利用非支配排序多目标遗传算法进行全局寻优，优化后的车架结构质量比原始车架结构质量减少4.24%，且车架结构在同样载荷作用下的应力分布更加均匀，车架强度、刚度、动态特性和疲劳寿命等性能均得到改善。

关键词: 自卸车, 多目标, 拓扑结构, 疲劳寿命, 轻量化

Abstract: In consideration of insufficient stiffness, weld cracking, weight redundancy, and possibility of resonance for frame's natural frequency closing to non-sprung mass's excitation frequency by traditionally experiential design, multi-objective optimization design for frame structure performances of electric dump trucks was studied. The multi-objective topology optimization design was conducted on initial frames based on variable density method and SIMP interpolation model, considering fatigue life as constraints during optimization processes. A new frame topology structure was obtained, which might meet minimum compliance under static multi-conditions and maximum multi-low-order natural frequencies. The anti-fatigue and lightweight co-optimization designs were conducted on the new frames based on Kriging approximation model. Utilizing the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm to find the optimal solution in global variables, the weight of optimized frame structures were reduced by 4.3%, compared with the masses of original frame structures. The final frames have more uniform stress distributions under the same loading, and better strength, stiffness, dynamic characteristics and longer fatigue life.

Key words: dumping truck, multi-objective, topology structure, fatigue life, lightweight

中图分类号:

U463.1

米承继1,2,3;谷正气1,3;蹇海根3;张勇1,3;李光3;熊勇刚3;李文泰3. 电动轮自卸车车架结构抗疲劳轻量化设计[J]. 中国机械工程.

MI Chengji1,2,3;GU Zhengqi1,3;JIAN Haigen3;ZHANG Yong1,3;LI Guang3;XIONG Yonggang3;JIANG Chao1. Anti-fatigue and Lightweight Design for Frame Structures of Electric Wheel Dump Trucks[J]. China Mechanical Engineering.

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