Abstract: Aiming at the problems that it was difficult to determine the load boundary conditions of mechanical structures under complex working conditions， an external load inversion technology  was proposed based on multi-information fusion of simulation and measurement. Firstly， the finite element model of the structures to be studied was established， the unit load was applied at the positions of the external load， and the full field strain response of the member was calculated. Then， the optimal layout scheme of measured points and the optimal load coefficient matrix of strain test were obtained based on the D-optimal design principle， and the dynamic response relationship between external load and strain was established. According to the obtained measured point layout scheme， the strain gauges were pasted on the structure to measure the dynamic strain histories of the machine in the actual working processes， the dynamic external load histories of the structure was inversed based on the measured strain histories and the response relationship between load and strain. Taking the working devices of the hydraulic excavator as an example， the hinge point load of the boom was determined by the proposed method， the load inversion results were used as the input of boom transient dynamics analysis， and the simulation values of base measurement points and non-base strain were calculated， the measured values were compared with the simulated values to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. 

Key words: excavator, D-optimal design, measured point layout, load inversion, finite element simulation

摘要： 针对机械结构在复杂工况下载荷边界条件难以确定的问题，提出一种仿真与实测多信息融合的外载荷反演技术。首先建立待研究结构的有限元模型，在结构外载荷作用位置施加单位载荷，计算构件全场应变响应；然后基于D-最优设计原则得到应变测试的测点最佳布置方案和最优载荷系数矩阵，据此建立外载荷与应变间的动态响应关系；根据得到的测点布置方案，在结构上粘贴应变片，测得机械结构在实际工作过程中的动态应变历程，基于该实测应变历程以及载荷与应变的响应关系，反演结构的动态外载荷历程。以液压挖掘机工作装置为例，通过提出的方法确定其动臂的铰点载荷，并将载荷反演结果作为动臂瞬态动力学分析的输入，计算得到基底测点和非基底应变仿真值，将实测值与仿真值进行对比分析，证明了提出方法的有效性。

关键词: 挖掘机, D-最优设计, 测点布置, 载荷反演, 有限元仿真