行星轮瞬态变形对行星齿轮传动系统动态特性的影响研究

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.09.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以某型风电齿轮箱行星轮用滑动轴承支撑的行星轮系为研究对象，综合考虑行星轮瞬态变形、齿面承载接触和构件动态位移，提出了一种多齿瞬态三维接触模型，利用齿轮副接触与滑动轴承支撑作为界面协调条件将各构件进行耦合，建立行星轮系刚柔耦合动力学模型，分析了行星轮瞬态变形对行星轮系动态特性的影响。研究结果表明，在啮合力和油膜力共同作用下，行星轮会发生椭圆状变形，其局部振动响应与齿轮副啮频相关；行星轮瞬态变形能够缓解齿轮副啮合挤压程度，降低振动响应，改善系统均载，但过大的结构柔性会使齿轮副周期性地出现“接触-脱齿-接触”非线性啮合现象，易使齿面出现瞬时峰值载荷，增大疲劳失效风险。

关键词: 风电齿轮箱, 行星轮系, 滑动轴承, 行星轮柔性, 动态特性

Abstract:

Focusing on a specific wind turbine gearbox with a planetary gear train supported by journal bearings， a multi-tooth transient 3D contact model was developed considering transient planet gear deformations， tooth surface contact loads， and dynamic component displacements. Taking the gear pair contact and the journal bearing support as interface coordination conditions to couple the components， a rigid-flexible coupled dynamics model of the planetary gear train system was established to analyze the influence of transient planet gear deformation on the dynamic characteristics of the planetary gear train. Results show that the planet gear exhibits elliptical deformation under the combined action of meshing forces and oil film force， with local vibration responses correlating with gear mesh frequencies. Transient planet gear deformation mitigates the tooth contact compression degree of the gear pair， suppresses vibration， and improves load distribution. However， excessive structural flexibility of the planet gear pair periodically causes a nonlinear “contact–loss–contact” meshing phenomenon， leading to transient peak tooth loads and elevating the risk of fatigue failure.

Key words: wind turbine gearbox, planetary gear train system, journal bearing, flexible planet gear, dynamic characteristics

中图分类号:

TM614

谭建军, 廖波, 李浩, 张豪, 朱才朝, 杜虹汗. 行星轮瞬态变形对行星齿轮传动系统动态特性的影响研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(9): 2238-2250.

TAN Jianjun, LIAO Bo, LI Hao, ZHANG Hao, ZHU Caichao, DU Honghan. Research on the Influence of Transient Planet Gear Deformation on Dynamic Characteristics of Planetary Gear Train System[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(9): 2238-2250.

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链接本文: https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.09.016

https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V37/I9/2238

图/表 30

图1 滑动轴承支撑的行星轮系结构

Fig.1 Structure of planetary gear train system with plain bearings

表1 齿轮参数

Tab.1 Gear parameters

	太阳轮	行星轮	内齿圈
齿数	32	29	93
模数/mm	24
螺旋角/（°）	5
压力角/（°）	20
有效齿宽/mm	500	500	500
数量	1	5	1

表2 滑动轴承参数

Tab.2 Plain bearing parameters

参数	值
半径/mm	150
半径间隙/μm	320
宽度/mm	500
50 ℃润滑油黏度/（Pa · s）	0.175
齿轮材料弹性模量/GPa	210
轴承材料弹性模量/GPa	105
齿轮材料泊松比	0.3
轴承材料泊松比	0.34

图2 行星轮系坐标系定义

Fig.2 Coordinate system definition of planetary gear train

图3 行星轮轮缘离散节点坐标系定义

Fig.3 Coordinate system definition of discrete nodes on planetary gear annulus

图4 内齿圈与行星架主节点分布

Fig.4 Master node distribution of the ring gear and carrier

图5 行星轮主节点分布

Fig.5 Master node distribution of the planetary gear

图6 行星轮受力分析

Fig.6 Force analysis of planetary gear

图7 行星轮多副-多齿-多点啮合示意图

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of multi-pair - multi-tooth - multi-point meshing of planetary gear

图8 行星轮瞬态变形对齿轮副啮合相对位移的影响

Fig.8 Impact of transient planetary gear deformation on the relative displacement of meshing gear pairs

图9 斜齿轮齿面接触示意图

Fig.9 Schematic diagram of the helical gear tooth contact

图10 滑动轴承坐标系定义

Fig.10 Coordinate system definition of plain bearing

图11 行星轮齿面接触力到轮缘虚拟节点的转换示意图

Fig.11 Transformation schematic diagram of planetary gear tooth surface loads to virtual nodes on planetary gear annulus

图12 滑动轴承油膜力到轮缘虚拟节点的转换示意图

Fig.12 Transformation schematic diagram of plain bearing film forces to virtual nodes on planetary gear annulus

图13 行星轮轮缘离散节点与虚拟节点的转换关系

Fig.13 Transformation between discrete nodes and virtual nodes on planetary gear annulus

图14 销轴与行星轮之间的等效刚度-阻尼连接示意图

Fig.14 Schematic diagram of the equivalent stiffness-damping connection between carrier pin and planetary gear

图15 系统模型求解方案

Fig.15 System model solution scheme

图16 行星轮瞬态变形对比

Fig.16 Comparisons of transient planetary gear deformation

图17 行星轮轮缘离散节点振动位移

Fig.17 Vibration displacement of discrete nodes on planetary gear annulus

图18 行星轮瞬态变形

Fig.18 Transient planetary gear deformation

图19 啮合位置对行星轮瞬态变形的影响

Fig.19 Impact of meshing position on transient planetary gear deformation

图20 振动位移

Fig.20 Vibration displacements

图21 齿面载荷分布

Fig.21 Tooth surface load distribution

图22 动态啮合特性

Fig.22 Dynamic meshing characteristics

图23 均载系数

Fig.23 Load-sharing coefficient

图24 行星轮结构柔性对行星轮轮缘节点振动位移影响

Fig.24 Impact of planetary gear flexibility on vibration displacements of the node on planetar gear annulus

图25 行星轮结构柔性对内齿圈轮齿节点振动位移影响

Fig.25 Impact of planetary gear flexibility on vibration displacements of the node on ring gear tooth

图26 行星轮结构柔性对齿面载荷分布的影响

Fig.26 Impact of planetary gear flexibility on tooth surface load distribution

图27 行星轮柔性对啮合特性的影响

Fig.27 Impact of planetary gear flexibility on gear meshing characteristics

图28 行星轮结构柔性对均载系数的影响

Fig.28 Impact of planetary gear flexibility on load-sharing coefficient

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