中国机械工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (9): 2205-2215.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.09.013

• 机械基础工程 • 上一篇    

高速移动载荷作用下的垂-轴向耦合弹性梁动态响应分析

严康为(), 鲁军勇(), 曾德林, 程龙, 谭赛   

  1. 海军工程大学, 武汉, 430033
  • 收稿日期:2025-08-14 出版日期:2026-09-25 发布日期:2026-10-21
  • 通讯作者: 鲁军勇
  • 作者简介:严康为,男,1996年生,助理研究员。研究方向为机电结构健康监测、诊断与维护技术。E-mail:sqlasource@nue.edu.cn
    鲁军勇*(通信作者),男,1978年生,中国科学院院士、教授。研究方向为特种直线电机技术。E-mail:0910061051@nue.edu.cn。
    第一联系人:李梦聪,男,2000年生,硕士研究生。研究方向为多学科设计与优化。E-mail:lmcjilinliaoyuan@163.com。阚子云*(通信作者),男,1991年生,副教授、博士研究生导师。研究方向为面向重大装备设计与运维的计算动力学。E-mail: kanziyun@dlut.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(92266301);国家自然科学基金(92266206);国家自然科学基金(92166204);国家自然科学基金(92166108);国家自然科学基金(52525701);国家自然科学基金(52207070)

Dynamic Response of Axial-Vertical Coupled Elastic Beams under High-speed Moving Loads

YAN Kangwei(), LU Junyong(), ZENG Delin, CHENG Long, TAN Sai   

  1. Naval University of Engineering,Wuhan,430033
  • Received:2025-08-14 Online:2026-09-25 Published:2026-10-21
  • Contact: LU Junyong

摘要:

针对高速移动载荷作用下的轨道动态响应问题,提出一种考虑轨道垂-轴向耦合变形与装配界面摩擦滑移的弹性梁动态响应分析框架,综合电磁斥力、电枢扩张力、预紧力、后坐力、摩擦力等输入载荷的时空分布特性,建立了包含轨道垂-轴向耦合振动、封装壳/绝缘体轴向振动以及封装壳-轨道-绝缘体装配界面动态滑移特性的完整结构动力学模型。通过与光纤光栅传感器实测应变数据对比,检验了所提模型的准确性。研究表明,电枢通过后直至出口前,在电磁后坐力和枢轨摩擦力的共同作用下,轨道中前段区域存在显著的轴向变形,可能引发低周疲劳和蠕变等劣化损伤。此外,在电枢前方轨道观察到高速前驱波特征,推断其源于电磁后坐力所致轴向应力波的前向传播。研究结果弥补了当前轨道动态响应研究缺乏垂-轴向耦合变形分析的缺陷,为封装壳-轨道-绝缘体装配结构的延寿优化与可靠性评估提供了理论依据。

关键词: 弹性地基梁, 轴向变形, 界面滑移, 隐式差分, 应变测试

Abstract:

A dynamic response analysis framework was proposed for elastic beams to solve the problem of rail dynamic response stimulated by high-speed moving loads, incorporating axial-vertical coupled deformation of the rail and frictional sliding at assembly interface. By integrating the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of input loads such as electromagnetic repulsive force, armature expansion force, preload force, recoil force, and friction force, a comprehensive structural dynamics model was established, which included the vertical and axial coupling vibration of the rail, the axial vibration of the containment/insulator, and the dynamic slip characteristics of the containment-rail-insulator assembly interface. The accuracy of the proposed model was examined by comparing it with strain data measured by fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. It was found that significant axial deformation occurred in the mid-front section of the rail due to the effects of electromagnetic recoil force and armature-rail friction force, after the armature passed through and before it exited, which may lead to degradation damage such as low-cycle fatigue and creep. In addition, a high-speed precursor wave was observed ahead of the armature on the rail, which was inferred to have originated from the forward propagation of the axial stress wave caused by the electromagnetic recoil force. These findings fill the gap in axial-vertical coupled deformation analyses in current rail dynamic response research, and provide a theoretical basis for the lifespan optimization and reliability assessment of the containment-rail-insulator assembly structure.

Key words: elastic foundation beam, axial deformation, assembly interface slip, implicit finite difference, strain measurement

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