中国机械工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 1875-1888.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.08.007
• 机械基础工程 • 上一篇
张孟丽1, 江锦波1,2,3(
), 彭旭东1, 洪军2, 许永利3, 孟祥铠1
收稿日期:2024-12-23
出版日期:2026-08-25
发布日期:2026-09-17
通讯作者:
江锦波
作者简介:张孟丽,女,1998年生,博士研究生。研究方向为氢冷发电机密封
基金资助:
ZHANG Mengli1, JIANG Jinbo1,2,3(
), PENG Xudong1, HONG Jun2, XU Yongli3, MENG Xiangkai1
Received:2024-12-23
Online:2026-08-25
Published:2026-09-17
Contact:
JIANG Jinbo
摘要:
为改善经典双流环密封瓦因偏心间隙引起的温度周向非均匀分布问题,提出了一种在密封瓦的空侧和氢侧密封面上开设槽深沿周向变化的变深槽密封瓦新结构,基于考虑流固热交换的共轭传热模型数值求解了双流环密封瓦的间隙流场和温度场分布,在给定偏心率和基于径向力平衡两种条件下对比分析了光滑面、等深槽和变深槽密封瓦的浮起和温升特性,探讨了静子面开槽及其槽深变深比的影响规律和作用机理。结果表明,静子面变深槽密封瓦能突破传统光滑面密封瓦和等深槽密封瓦在零偏心下无浮升力的限制,通过选取合理的槽深变深比以平衡不同的密封瓦自重从而实现零偏心运行;相较于光滑面密封瓦,开槽面密封瓦的偏心率、空侧和氢侧最高温升、整个密封间隙内温度周向非均匀性等性能指标都有大幅改善,但也带来了氢侧和空侧润滑油流量增加的不足。
中图分类号:
张孟丽, 江锦波, 彭旭东, 洪军, 许永利, 孟祥铠. 静子面动压槽深分布对双流环密封瓦浮起和温升特性影响研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(8): 1875-1888.
ZHANG Mengli, JIANG Jinbo, PENG Xudong, HONG Jun, XU Yongli, MENG Xiangkai. Study on Influences of Hydrodynamic Groove Depth Distribution on Static Surfaces on Lift-off and Temperature Rise Characteristics of Double-flow Ring Seals[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(8): 1875-1888.
| 转轴半径r/mm | 223.8 | 螺旋槽个数Nm | 12 |
|---|---|---|---|
密封瓦内半径 r1/mm | 224 | 螺旋槽上部动 压槽深hu/mm | 1 |
巴氏合金层 外径r2/mm | 237.5 | 非均匀度t | 0~1 |
密封瓦外 半径r4/mm | 272 | 润滑油进口 温度Tin/K | 313 |
空/氢侧面轴向 长度b1/mm | 16 | 空侧进口压力 p1/kPa | 484 |
空氢间轴向 长度b2/mm | 9 | 氢侧进口压力 p2/kPa | 484 |
空/氢侧进口轴向 长度b3/mm | 3 | 空侧出口压力 p3/kPa | 101 |
螺旋槽轴向槽 宽比Lz | 0.5 | 氢侧出口压力 p4/kPa | 400 |
螺旋槽周向槽 宽比Lθ | 0.5 | 转速n/(r ∙ min | 3000 |
| 螺旋槽角度β/(°) | 15 | 偏心率ε | 0.4 |
螺旋槽周向开槽 角度θ1/(°) | 15 |
表1 双流环密封瓦缺省结构参数和工况参数
Tab.1 Structural parameters and working condition parameters of double-flow ring sealing
| 转轴半径r/mm | 223.8 | 螺旋槽个数Nm | 12 |
|---|---|---|---|
密封瓦内半径 r1/mm | 224 | 螺旋槽上部动 压槽深hu/mm | 1 |
巴氏合金层 外径r2/mm | 237.5 | 非均匀度t | 0~1 |
密封瓦外 半径r4/mm | 272 | 润滑油进口 温度Tin/K | 313 |
空/氢侧面轴向 长度b1/mm | 16 | 空侧进口压力 p1/kPa | 484 |
空氢间轴向 长度b2/mm | 9 | 氢侧进口压力 p2/kPa | 484 |
空/氢侧进口轴向 长度b3/mm | 3 | 空侧出口压力 p3/kPa | 101 |
螺旋槽轴向槽 宽比Lz | 0.5 | 氢侧出口压力 p4/kPa | 400 |
螺旋槽周向槽 宽比Lθ | 0.5 | 转速n/(r ∙ min | 3000 |
| 螺旋槽角度β/(°) | 15 | 偏心率ε | 0.4 |
螺旋槽周向开槽 角度θ1/(°) | 15 |
结构及 材料 | 密度 ρ/(kg ∙ m | 质量热容 cp /(J ∙ kg | 热导率 λ/(W ∙ m |
|---|---|---|---|
| 青铜材料密封瓦 | 8666 | 343 | 26 |
| 巴氏合金密封瓦 | 10 000 | 140 | 25 |
45号 钢转轴 | 7850 | 453.6 | 50 |
表2 密封瓦和转轴材料物性参数
Tab.2 Physical parameters of sealing ring and rotating shaft materials
结构及 材料 | 密度 ρ/(kg ∙ m | 质量热容 cp /(J ∙ kg | 热导率 λ/(W ∙ m |
|---|---|---|---|
| 青铜材料密封瓦 | 8666 | 343 | 26 |
| 巴氏合金密封瓦 | 10 000 | 140 | 25 |
45号 钢转轴 | 7850 | 453.6 | 50 |
图7 基于共轭传热模型的密封或轴承温度和压力求解正确性验证
Fig.7 Verification of the correctness of sealing or bearing temperature and pressure solution based on conjugate heat transfer model
图9 不同密封间隙下空侧和氢侧槽根处压力周向分布
Fig.9 Pressure circumferential distribution at the root of the air side and hydrogen side grooves under different sealing clearances
密封 结构 | 浮升力F/N | 空氢间 最高 温度Tmax/K | 空侧出口最高温度Ta/K | 氢侧 出口 最高 温度Th/K | 空侧出口流量qa/(kg · s | 氢侧出口流量qh/(kg · s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 光滑面 | 294.50 | 363.88 | 343.61 | 361.61 | 1.00 | 0.28 |
等深 槽面 | 794.78 | 362.65 | 332.58 | 338.89 | 1.55 | 0.67 |
变深 槽面 | 1260.75 | 361.98 | 335.91 | 340.72 | 1.35 | 0.51 |
表3 偏心率为0.4时三种结构双流环密封瓦性能参数对比
Tab.3 Comparison of performance parameters of three structures of double flow ring sealing with eccentricity of 0.4
密封 结构 | 浮升力F/N | 空氢间 最高 温度Tmax/K | 空侧出口最高温度Ta/K | 氢侧 出口 最高 温度Th/K | 空侧出口流量qa/(kg · s | 氢侧出口流量qh/(kg · s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 光滑面 | 294.50 | 363.88 | 343.61 | 361.61 | 1.00 | 0.28 |
等深 槽面 | 794.78 | 362.65 | 332.58 | 338.89 | 1.55 | 0.67 |
变深 槽面 | 1260.75 | 361.98 | 335.91 | 340.72 | 1.35 | 0.51 |
图13 偏心率为0.4条件下不同结构密封瓦特征截面的温度分布
Fig.13 Temperature distribution of characteristic cross-sections of sealing ring with different structures under eccentricity of 0.4
密封 结构 | 最小 密封 间隙hmin/mm | 空/氢间最高 温度 Tmax/K | 空侧 出口 最高 温度 Ta/K | 氢侧 出口 最高 温度 Th/K | 空侧出口流量qa/(kg · s | 氢侧出口流量qh/(kg · s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 光滑面 | 0.115 | 364.08 | 345.44 | 362.38 | 1.020 | 0.285 |
| 等深槽 | 0.17 | 359.34 | 327.14 | 332.58 | 1.466 | 0.656 |
| 变深槽 | 0.20 | 358.43 | 327.48 | 333.82 | 1.367 | 0.589 |
表4 实际运行偏心率下三种密封瓦润滑油流量和温度
Tab.4 Lubricating oil flow rate and temperature of three types of sealing ring under actual operating eccentricity
密封 结构 | 最小 密封 间隙hmin/mm | 空/氢间最高 温度 Tmax/K | 空侧 出口 最高 温度 Ta/K | 氢侧 出口 最高 温度 Th/K | 空侧出口流量qa/(kg · s | 氢侧出口流量qh/(kg · s |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 光滑面 | 0.115 | 364.08 | 345.44 | 362.38 | 1.020 | 0.285 |
| 等深槽 | 0.17 | 359.34 | 327.14 | 332.58 | 1.466 | 0.656 |
| 变深槽 | 0.20 | 358.43 | 327.48 | 333.82 | 1.367 | 0.589 |
图16 不同结构密封瓦空侧槽根处和空氢中间周向压力分布
Fig.16 Distribution of circumferential pressure at the root of the air side groove and in the middle of the air hydrogen gap of sealing ring with different structures
图17 不同结构密封瓦空侧槽根处压力峰值与平均值分布
Fig.17 Distribution of peak and average pressure values at the root of the air side groove of sealing ring with different structures
图18 三种结构密封瓦不同位置流体膜温度周向分布
Fig.18 Circumferential distribution of fluid film temperature at different positions of three types of structural sealing ring
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