中国机械工程 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 1664-1672.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.07.016
• 机械基础工程 • 上一篇
肖宗瀚1(
), 潘迪1,2, 黄志山1, 刘慧1,2, 吕晓江3, 韩勇1,2(
)
收稿日期:2025-07-10
出版日期:2026-07-25
发布日期:2026-08-18
通讯作者:
韩勇
作者简介:肖宗瀚,男,2000年生,硕士研究生。研究方向为乘员主被动防护技术。E-mail:2322051071@stu.xmut.edu.cn基金资助:
XIAO Zonghan1(
), PAN Di1,2, HUANG Zhishan1, LIU Hui1,2, LYU Xiaojiang3, HAN Yong1,2(
)
Received:2025-07-10
Online:2026-07-25
Published:2026-08-18
Contact:
HAN Yong
摘要:
为研究后倾乘员在50%重叠移动渐进变形壁障碰撞中的腰椎生物力学响应及胸部损伤风险,采用THUMS人体有限元模型并按照2024版C-NCAP法规进行了三组仿真。仿真发现,后倾乘员脚部与内饰踏板的接触会显著影响乘员下潜的发生概率;若后倾乘员在碰撞过程中出现“勒脖子”现象,则胸部最大压缩量可能无法有效评估胸部损伤风险;随着靠背倾角的增大,腰椎椎体所受轴向压缩力增大;不同姿态下的腰椎弯曲旋转中心与最大弯曲力矩椎体存在对应关系;后倾乘员的腰椎整体表现出大幅度的S形侧倾运动,腰椎承受压缩、弯曲、侧倾三种载荷。
中图分类号:
肖宗瀚, 潘迪, 黄志山, 刘慧, 吕晓江, 韩勇. 后倾乘员在MPDB碰撞中的腰椎生物力学响应与胸部损伤风险[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(7): 1664-1672.
XIAO Zonghan, PAN Di, HUANG Zhishan, LIU Hui, LYU Xiaojiang, HAN Yong. Lumbar Spine Biomechanical Responses and Chest Injury Risks for Reclined Occupants under MPDB Impact[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(7): 1664-1672.
| 乘员姿态 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 标准 | 放松 | 休息 | |
| 靠背倾角/(°) | 25 | 45 | 56 |
| 胸部3 ms合成加速度/g | 24.71 | 32.31 | 36.88 |
| 胸部最大压缩量/mm | 19.56 | 16.19 | 15.41 |
表1 胸部3ms合成加速度与最大压缩量
Tab.1 Chest 3ms resultant acceleration and maximum compression
| 乘员姿态 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 标准 | 放松 | 休息 | |
| 靠背倾角/(°) | 25 | 45 | 56 |
| 胸部3 ms合成加速度/g | 24.71 | 32.31 | 36.88 |
| 胸部最大压缩量/mm | 19.56 | 16.19 | 15.41 |
乘员 姿态 | 心脏压力 | 肺部压力 | 肋骨最大主应变 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 标准 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 891.70 kPa@85 ms | 704.18 kPa@95 ms | 5.26%@107 ms | |
| 放松 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 765.84 kPa@143 ms | 723.38 kPa@130 ms | 5.63%@107 ms | |
| 休息 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 999.35 kPa@130 ms | 1013.37 kPa@91 ms | 3.86%@118 ms | |
| 阈值 | 170 kPa | 16 kPa | 2.4% |
表2 心肺压力最大值及肋骨最大主应变云图
Tab.2 Cloud diagram of heart-lung pressure and maximum principal strain of ribs
乘员 姿态 | 心脏压力 | 肺部压力 | 肋骨最大主应变 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 标准 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 891.70 kPa@85 ms | 704.18 kPa@95 ms | 5.26%@107 ms | |
| 放松 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 765.84 kPa@143 ms | 723.38 kPa@130 ms | 5.63%@107 ms | |
| 休息 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
| 999.35 kPa@130 ms | 1013.37 kPa@91 ms | 3.86%@118 ms | |
| 阈值 | 170 kPa | 16 kPa | 2.4% |
| 椎体 | 轴向压缩力/kN | 弯曲力矩/(N·m) | 伸展力矩/(N·m) | 左倾力矩/(N·m) | 右倾力矩/(N·m) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 标准 | 放松 | 休息 | 标准 | 放松 | 休息 | 标准 | 放松 | 休息 | 标准 | 放松 | 休息 | 标准 | 放松 | 休息 | |
| T12 | 2.32 | 3.03 | 3.30 | -23.81 | -67.83 | -90.28 | / | / | / | / | / | / | -15.52 | -45.59 | -53.01 |
| L1 | 2.54 | 3.36 | 3.56 | -48.95 | -87.04 | -96.92 | / | / | / | / | / | / | -19.45 | -44.15 | -47.94 |
| L2 | 2.54 | 3.06 | 3.26 | -66.43 | -92.77 | -77.69 | / | / | / | / | / | / | -7.63 | -13.45 | -12.57 |
| L3 | 2.80 | 3.15 | 3.39 | -78.49 | -77.65 | -57.52 | / | / | / | 14.50 | 23.39 | 31.29 | / | / | / |
| L4 | 2.69 | 3.09 | 3.58 | -57.32 | -57.07 | -37.82 | / | / | 17.66 | 33.38 | 54.39 | 50.92 | / | / | / |
| L5 | 2.73 | 2.98 | 3.30 | -61.45 | -58.29 | -29.44 | / | 6.99 | 39.13 | 38.49 | 55.07 | 42.35 | / | / | / |
表3 腰椎椎体的力学响应参数
Tab.3 Mechanical response parameters of lumbar vertebral bodies
| 椎体 | 轴向压缩力/kN | 弯曲力矩/(N·m) | 伸展力矩/(N·m) | 左倾力矩/(N·m) | 右倾力矩/(N·m) | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 标准 | 放松 | 休息 | 标准 | 放松 | 休息 | 标准 | 放松 | 休息 | 标准 | 放松 | 休息 | 标准 | 放松 | 休息 | |
| T12 | 2.32 | 3.03 | 3.30 | -23.81 | -67.83 | -90.28 | / | / | / | / | / | / | -15.52 | -45.59 | -53.01 |
| L1 | 2.54 | 3.36 | 3.56 | -48.95 | -87.04 | -96.92 | / | / | / | / | / | / | -19.45 | -44.15 | -47.94 |
| L2 | 2.54 | 3.06 | 3.26 | -66.43 | -92.77 | -77.69 | / | / | / | / | / | / | -7.63 | -13.45 | -12.57 |
| L3 | 2.80 | 3.15 | 3.39 | -78.49 | -77.65 | -57.52 | / | / | / | 14.50 | 23.39 | 31.29 | / | / | / |
| L4 | 2.69 | 3.09 | 3.58 | -57.32 | -57.07 | -37.82 | / | / | 17.66 | 33.38 | 54.39 | 50.92 | / | / | / |
| L5 | 2.73 | 2.98 | 3.30 | -61.45 | -58.29 | -29.44 | / | 6.99 | 39.13 | 38.49 | 55.07 | 42.35 | / | / | / |
| 损伤参数 | 乘员姿态 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 标准 | 放松 | 休息 | |
| 胸部3 ms合成加速度/g | 24.71 | 32.31 | 36.88 |
| 胸部最大压缩量/mm | 19.56 | 16.19 | 15.41 |
| 心脏压力/kPa | 891.70 | 765.84 | 999.35 |
| 肺部压力/kPa | 704.18 | 723.38 | 1013.37 |
| 肋骨最大主应变/% | 5.26 | 5.63 | 3.86 |
表4 胸部损伤评价指标
Tab.4 Chest injury assessment indices
| 损伤参数 | 乘员姿态 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 标准 | 放松 | 休息 | |
| 胸部3 ms合成加速度/g | 24.71 | 32.31 | 36.88 |
| 胸部最大压缩量/mm | 19.56 | 16.19 | 15.41 |
| 心脏压力/kPa | 891.70 | 765.84 | 999.35 |
| 肺部压力/kPa | 704.18 | 723.38 | 1013.37 |
| 肋骨最大主应变/% | 5.26 | 5.63 | 3.86 |
| [1] | ÖSTLING M, ANNIKA L. Occupant Activities and Sitting Positions in Automated Vehicles in China and Sweden[C]∥Proceedings of the ESV Conference. Eindhoven, 2019:19-0083. |
| [2] | SOFIA J, KATARINA B, ANNIKA L. Seating Positions and Activities in Highly Automated Cars-a Qualitative Study of Future Automated Driving Scenarios[C]∥Proceedings of the IRCOBI. Antwerp, 2017: 17-11. |
| [3] | DISSANAIKE S, KAUFMAN R, MACK C D, et al. The Effect of Reclined Seats on Mortality in Motor Vehicle Collisions[J]. Journal of Trauma - Injury, Infection and Critical Care, 2008, 64(3): 614-619. |
| [4] | SCHAEFER L C, JUNGE M, VÖRÖS I, et al. Odds Ratios for Reclined Seating Positions in Real-world Crashes[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2021, 161: 106357. |
| [5] | RICHARDSON R, DONLON J P, JAYATHIRTHA M, et al. Kinematic and Injury Response of Reclined PMHS in Frontal Impacts[J]. SAE Technical Paper Series, 2021, 1: 2020-22-0004. |
| [6] | RICHARDSON R, JAYATHIRTHA M, CHASTAIN K, et al. Thoracolumbar Spine Kinematics and Injuries in Frontal Impacts with Reclined Occupants[J]. Traffic Injury Prevention, 2020, 21(S1): S66-S71. |
| [7] | BAUDRIT P, URIOT J, RICHARD O, et al. Investigation of Potential Injury Patterns and Occupant Kinematics inFrontal Impact with PMHS in Reclined Postures[J]. Stapp Car Crash Journal, 2023, 66: 2022-22-0001. |
| [8] | SHIN J, DONLON J P, RICHARDSON R, et al. Comparison of Thoracolumbar Spine Kinematics and Injuries in Reclined Frontal Impact Sled Tests between Mid-size Adult Female and Male PMHS[J]. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 2023, 193: 107334. |
| [9] | RAWSKA K, GEPNER B, MOREAU D, et al. Submarining Sensitivity across Varied Seat Configurations in Autonomous Driving System Environment[J]. Traffic Injury Prevention, 2020, 21(S1): S1-S6. |
| [10] | RAWSKA K, GEPNER B, KERRIGAN J R. Effect of Various Restraint Configurations on Submarining Occurrence across Varied Seat Configurations in Autonomous Driving System Environment[J]. Traffic Injury Prevention, 2021, 22(sS1): S128-S133. |
| [11] | MROZ K, ÖSTLING M, RICHARDSON R, et al. Effect of Seat and Seat Belt Caracteristics on the Lumbar Spine and Pelvis Loading of the SAFER Human Body Model in Rclined Postures[C]∥Proceedings of the IRCOBI. Munich, 2020: 20-58. |
| [12] | 武和全, 边楚虹, 胡林, 等. 汽车自动驾驶过程中不同姿态乘员在追尾碰撞中的损伤研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2023, 34(13): 1628-1637. |
| WU Hequan, BIAN Chuhong, HU Lin, et al. Research on Injury of Occupants with Different Postures in Rear End Impacts during Automatic Driving[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2023, 34(13): 1628-1637. | |
| [13] | 沈文轩, 戴睿, 谭普元, 等. 后倾乘员碰撞损伤与防护研究综述[J]. 汽车工程, 2024, 46(12): 2241-2256. |
| SHEN Wenxuan, DAI Rui, TAN Puyuan, et al. A Review of Reclined Occupant Crash Injuries and Impact Protection[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2024, 46(12): 2241-2256. | |
| [14] | TUSHAK S K, PAUL DONLON J, GEPNER B D, et al. Failure Tolerance of the Human Lumbar Spine in Dynamic Combined Compression and Flexion Loading[J]. Journal of Biomechanics, 2022, 135: 111051. |
| [15] | TUSHAK S K, GEPNER B D, FORMAN J L, et al. Human Lumbar Spine Injury Risk in Dynamic Combined Compression and Flexion Loading[J]. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 2023, 51(6): 1216-1225. |
| [16] | Mass Reduction for Light-Duty Vehicles for Model Years 2017-2025 Final Report[R/OL]. (2012-08)[2025-07-01]. . |
| [17] | TOYOTA Motor Corporation. Total Human Model for Safety(THUMS)[EB/OL]. [2025-07-01].. |
| [18] | FEI J, LIU Y, WANG P F, et al. Comparison of Responses Between Human Body Model and Anthropomorphic Test Device Model in Reclined Postures [C]∥Proceedings of the IRCOBI. Stockholm, 2024: 24-97. |
| [19] | 韩勇, 李明旺, 张悦苁, 等. MPDB工况下驾驶员姿态对损伤风险的研究[J]. 汽车工程, 2024, 46(5): 874-881. |
| HAN Yong, LI Mingwang, ZHANG Yuecong, et al. Study of Driver Posture on Injury Risk under MPDB Conditions[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2024, 46(5): 874-881. | |
| [20] | 韩勇, 张悦苁, 李明旺, 等. AEB工况下驾驶员姿态对损伤风险的影响[J]. 汽车工程, 2024, 46(10): 1920-1927. |
| HAN Yong, ZHANG Yuecong, LI Mingwang, et al. Effect of Driver Posture on Injury Risk under AEB Conditions[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2024, 46(10): 1920-1927. | |
| [21] | KEMPER A R, McNALLY C, PULLINS C A, et al. The Biomechanics of Human Ribs: Material and Structural Properties from Dynamic Tension and Bending Tests[J]. SAE Technical Paper Series, 2007, 1: 2007-22-0011. |
| [22] | 王鹏, 潘迪, 叶美婷, 等. 正面碰撞自动紧急制动系统作用下六岁儿童乘员姿态对损伤风险的影响[J]. 中国机械工程, 2025, 36(3): 483-492. |
| WANG Peng, PAN Di, YE Meiting, et al. Effects of Occupant Posture on Injury Risk in Frontal Crash AEB for Six-year-old Children[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 36(3): 483-492. | |
| [23] | RUAN J, EL-JAWAHRI R, CHAI L, et al. Prediction and Analysis of Human Thoracic Impact Responses and Injuries in Cadaver Impacts using a Full Human Body Finite Element Model[J]. Stapp Car Crash Journal, 2003, 47: 299-321. |
| [1] | 王鹏1, 潘迪1, 2, 叶美婷1, 叶凡1, 韩勇1, 2. 正面碰撞自动紧急制动系统作用下六岁儿童乘员姿态对损伤风险的影响[J]. 中国机械工程, 2025, 36(03): 483-492. |
| [2] | 王金1 , 张旭伟1, 陈剑平2, 张莉莉2. 以动态尺寸为表征的动态座椅综合运动模型研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2025, 36(03): 623-633. |
| [3] | 章新, 睢志伟, 李占龙, 秦园, 王瑶, 董荻, 赵钧铎. 装载机驾驶室非线性减振系统试验与优化[J]. 中国机械工程, 2022, 33(13): 1529-1536. |
| [4] | 焦东风;刘志峰. 低成本低噪声的驱动桥零部件精度优化方法[J]. 中国机械工程, 2020, 31(20): 2505-2511. |
| [5] | 陈剑;李士爱;刘策;邓支强;舒宏超. 基于Chebyshev区间方法的动力总成悬置系统稳健性优化[J]. 中国机械工程, 2018, 29(03): 314-319. |
| [6] | 赵静一, 康绍鹏, 程斐, 范亮贞, . 自行式载重车自适应悬架组群系统顺应性[J]. 中国机械工程, 2016, 27(22): 3103-3110. |
| [7] | 刘明周, 张淼, 扈静, 刘正琼, 陈子昂. 汽车换挡杆操纵力反馈舒适度测评方法[J]. 中国机械工程, 2016, 27(15): 2100-2106. |
| [8] | 汪伟, 赵又群, 贝绍轶, 刘文婷, 许健雄. 基于遗传算法的汽车紧急避让控制与优化[J]. 中国机械工程, 2014, 25(24): 3385-3390. |
| [9] | 张俊红, 王凯楠, 毕凤荣, 郭鹏, 何振鹏. 基于状态空间的车辆耦合振动系统分析及优化[J]. 中国机械工程, 2014, 25(21): 2975-2981. |
| [10] | 张春辉, 赵静一, 田兴, 罗利军. 基于模糊控制的半主动油气悬挂系统在铰接式自卸车中的应用[J]. 中国机械工程, 2014, 25(18): 2550-2555. |
| [11] | 赵万忠, 王春燕, 张宗强, 于蕾艳, 赵婷. 轮毂电机独立驱动电动汽车差速转向路感控制研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2014, 25(1): 87-91. |
| [12] | 杨柳青1, 2, 陈无畏1, 汪洪波1. 基于H2/H∞控制的汽车主动悬架最优鲁棒容错控制[J]. 中国机械工程, 2012, 23(24): 3013-3019. |
| [13] | 杨柳青1, 2, 陈无畏1, 汪洪波1. 基于残差信息的汽车液压主动悬架故障诊断与隔离研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2012, 23(14): 1746-1752. |
| [14] | 张义, 莫旭辉, 钟志华. 基于MATLAB的菱形客车平顺性研究[J]. 中国机械工程, 2012, 23(7): 875-880. |
| [15] | 王春燕1, 2, 赵万忠1, 2, 赵婷1, 周协1. 电动轮汽车差速助力转向系统路感优化 [J]. 中国机械工程, 2012, 23(1): 123-125. |
| 阅读次数 | ||||||
|
全文 |
|
|||||
|
摘要 |
|
|||||