基于摩擦状态的缸套表面区域划分

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.07.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为有效划分缸套-活塞环润滑状态，以YTRC2110D柴油机为对象开展等效摩擦试验，分析了缸套不同位置摩擦因数的变化规律，确定了不同润滑状态的临界位置并进行区域划分，探究了分区复合润滑结构的影响。研究发现：上下止点附近区域的润滑状态为边界润滑，正弦填充复合润滑结构在边界区域的减摩效果最佳；中间区域的润滑状态为流体润滑，多级润滑结构的摩擦因数最小；过渡区的润滑状态为混合润滑，正弦织构填充与圆织构复合润滑结构摩擦因数的最大减小值为53.66%。

关键词: 缸套, 润滑状态, 临界位置, 区域划分, 复合润滑结构

Abstract:

To effectively distinguish the lubrication states of the cylinder liner–piston ring system， equivalent friction tests were conducted on a YTRC2110D diesel engine. The variation of the friction coefficient along different positions of the cylinder liner was analyzed. The critical positions corresponding to different lubrication regimes were identified， and zonal division was performed accordingly. The effect of zonal composite lubrication structures was then investigated. The results indicate that the regions near the top dead center and bottom dead center are in boundary lubrication， where the sin-etextured composite structure exhibits the best friction-reducing performance. The middle region is characterized by hydrodynamic lubrication， where a multi-stage structure yields the lowest friction coefficient. The transition region operates under mixed lubrication， and the maximum friction coefficient reduction rate of 53.66% is achieved by the composite structure combining sine-texture filling and circular texture.

Key words: lubrication condition, critical position, surface zoning, composite lubrication structure

中图分类号:

TH117

樊玉杰, 郝梦杰, 杜宇辰, 刘芳华, 夏晶, 许成成, 李彬. 基于摩擦状态的缸套表面区域划分[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(7): 1603-1613.

FAN Yujie, HAO Mengjie, DU Yuchen, LIU Fanghua, XIA Jing, XU Chengcheng, LI Bin. Surface Region Division of Cylinder Liner Based on Friction State[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(7): 1603-1613.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.07.009

https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V37/I7/1603

图/表 21

图1 活塞做功行程速度与缸套位置对应关系

Fig.1 The correlation between the velocity of the piston work stroke and the alignment accuracy of the cylinder liner

图2 缸套-活塞环径向受力情况

Fig.2 Radial forces acting on the cylinder liner and piston ring

图3 径向载荷与缸套位置对应关系

Fig.3 The correlation between the radial load and position of the cylinder liner

图4 缸套温度与位置关系

Fig.4 Relationship between cylinder liner temperature and position

图5 FTM M30摩擦试验机原理及试样

Fig.5 Principles and samples of the FTM M30 friction testing machine

表1 摩擦试验工况

Tab.1 Testing conditions for friction analysis

分组	曲柄角度/ （°）	缸套位置/ mm	滑动速度/ （m·s^-1）	载荷/MPa	温度1/℃	温度2/℃
1	362.8	0.1	0.5	6.1	303.5	20
2	369.3	1.1	1.0	6.0	286.2	20
3	372.9	2.1	1.4	5.6	278.0	20
4	374.4	2.6	2.0	5.2	274.9	20
5	378.2	4.1	3.0	4.1	267.6	20
6	382.9	6.5	4.0	3.2	259.4	20
7	383.7	6.9	4.2	3.1	258.3	20
8	384.4	7.3	4.9	2.5	257.3	20
9	385.4	7.9	5.2	2.4	255.8	20
10	386.5	8.6	5.4	2.2	254.2	20
11	512.7	120.2	2.7	0.8	213.4	20
12	516.8	120.5	2.5	0.8	213.4	20
13	520.5	121.1	2.2	0.8	213.4	20
14	521.4	121.5	2.0	0.8	213.4	20
15	522.8	122.5	1.5	0.8	213.4	20
16	523.3	123.2	1.2	0.8	213.4	20
17	524.7	123.5	1.0	0.8	213.4	20
18	525.2	123.6	0.9	0.8	213.4	20
19	525.8	123.7	0.7	0.8	213.4	20
20	526.9	123.9	0.5	0.8	213.4	20

图6 润滑结构试样

Fig.6 Lubricating structure specimen

图7 润滑区域多级润滑结构参数

Fig.7 Parameters for multi-stage lubrication structure in lubrication areas

图8 光滑缸套表面摩擦因数随时间变化曲线

Fig.8 The curve representing the friction coefficient of a smooth liner surface over time

图9 光滑缸套表面平均摩擦因数随缸套位置变化曲线

Fig.9 The average friction coefficient of smooth cylinder liner surface varies with the position of cylinder liner

图10 光滑缸套轴向区域润滑状态划分示意图

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of lubrication state division in the axial region of a smooth cylinder line

表2 光滑缸套各区域工况及润滑状态

Tab.2 The smooth cylinder liner exhibits uniform regional conditions and optimal lubrication status

工况	摩擦状态区域	位置区域/mm	平均摩擦因数	面积占比/%	速度/（m·s^-1）	载荷/MPa	温度/℃
常温	边界润滑区域（BLR）	0~2.1	0.153~0.097	2.80	0.5~1.4	6.1~5.6	20
	边界润滑区域（BLR）	123.6~125	0.102~0.136	2.80	1~0.5	0.8	20
	混合润滑区域（MLZ）	2.1~6.5	0.097~0.032	5.52	1.4~4	5.6~3.2	20
	混合润滑区域（MLZ）	121.1~123.6	0.056~0.102	5.52	2.2~0.9	0.8	20
	流体润滑区域（HLA）	6.5~121.1	0.032~0.051	91.68	4.2~2.2	3.2~0.8	20
高温	边界润滑区域（BLR）	0~2.6	0.183~0.092	3.52	0.5~2.0	6.1~5.2	303.1~274.9
	边界润滑区域（BLR）	123.2~125	0.098~0.151	3.52	1.2~0.5	0.8	213.4
	混合润滑区域（MLZ）	2.6~7.9	0.092~0.033	6.40	2.0~5.2	5.2~2.4	274.9~255.8
	混合润滑区域（MLZ）	120.5~123.2	0.062~0.098	6.40	2.5~1.2	0.8	213.4
	流体润滑区域（HLA）	7.9~120.5	0.033~0.062	90.08	5.2~2.5	2.4~0.8	255.8~213.4

图11 边界润滑条件下常温摩擦因数随时间变化曲线

Fig.11 The time variation curve of the friction coefficient at room temperature under boundary lubrication conditions

图12 边界润滑条件下高温摩擦因数随时间变化曲线

Fig.12 Time variation curve of friction coefficient at high temperature under boundary lubrication condition

图13 边界润滑条件下平均摩擦因数变化曲线

Fig.13 Variation curve of average friction coefficient under boundary lubrication condition

图14 混合润滑条件下常温摩擦因数随时间变化曲线

Fig.14 Time variation curve of friction coefficient at room temperature under mixed lubrication condition

图15 混合润滑条件下高温摩擦因数随时间变化曲线

Fig.15 Variation of the high-temperature friction coefficient over time under mixed lubrication conditions

图16 混合润滑条件下平均摩擦因数变化曲线

Fig.16 Variation curve of average friction coefficient under mixed lubrication conditions

图17 流体润滑条件下常温摩擦因数随时间变化曲线

Fig.17 Curves of friction coefficient-time at room temperature under fluid lubrication

图18 流体润滑条件下高温摩擦因数随时间变化曲线

Fig.18 Curve of high-temperature friction coefficient with time under fluid lubrication condition

图19 流体润滑条件下平均摩擦因数变化曲线

Fig.19 Variation curve of average friction coefficient under fluid lubrication

参考文献 32

[1]	LI Tongyang， ZHU Xiaotong， TANG Huaguo， et al. A New Method for Determining Lubrication Regimes of Piston Ring-cylinder Liner Tribosystem［J］. Tribology International， 2023， 179： 108162.
[2]	GANGOPADHYAY A. A Review of Automotive Engine Friction Reduction Opportunities through Technologies Related to Tribology［J］. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals， 2017， 70（2）： 527-535.
[3]	FERRARESE A， MARQUES G， TOMANIK E， et al. Piston Ring Tribological Challenges on the Next Generation of Flex-fuel Engines［J］. SAE International Journal of Engines， 2010， 3（2）： 85-91.
[4]	LIU Zhan， MENG Xianghui， WEN Chengwei， et al. On the Oil-gas-solid Mixed Bearing between Compression Ring and Cylinder Liner under Starved Lubrication and High Boundary Pressures［J］. Tribology International， 2019， 140： 105869.
[5]	JIAO Bowen， MA Xuan， WANG Yongqiang， et al. A Fluid-structure Coupled Transient Mixed Lubrication Model for Piston Ring Lubrication Property Analysis with CMFF Method［J］. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences， 2023， 252： 108377.
[6]	何星，毛杰键，周梓发，等. 基于联合仿真的柴油机缸套-活塞环磨损计算分析［J］. 润滑与密封， 2019， 44（5）： 116-121.
	HE Xing， MAO Jiejian， ZHOU Zifa， et al. Calculation and Analysis of Diesel Engine Cylinder Liner Piston Ring Wear Based on Joint Simulation［J］. Lubrication Engineering， 2019， 44（5）： 116-121.
[7]	MISHRA P， PENCHALIAH R. Synergistic Effect of Surface Texturing and Coating on the Friction between Piston Ring and Cylinder Liner Contact［J］. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers， Part J： Journal of Engineering Tribology， 2021， 235（7）： 1298-1311.
[8]	KIM E S， LEE Y Z. Investigation of the Effects of Uneven Plateau Grinding on Friction， Wear Rate， and Localized Surface Damage on Internal Combustion Engine Cylinder Liners［J］. International Journal of Automotive Technology， 2021， 22（3）： 561-567.
[9]	MISHRA P， RAMKUMAR P. Effect of Micro Texture on Tribological Performance of Piston Ring-cylinder Liner System under Different Lubrication Regimes［C］∥SAE Technical Paper Series. SAE International， 2018： 2018-28-0052.
[10]	YIN Bifeng， XU Bo， JIA Hekun， et al. Experimental Research on the Frictional Performance of Real Laser-textured Cylinder Liner under Different Lubrication Conditions［J］. International Journal of Engine Research， 2022， 23（4）： 693-704.
[11]	SHEN Yan， YE Bin， YU Baihong， et al. Enhancement of Heavy-duty Friction and Wear Characteristics of Cast-iron Surface by Electrolytic Micro-textures Filled with MoS₂ ［J］. Surface and Coatings Technology， 2021， 408： 126806.
[12]	KIKUHARA K， KOESER P S， TIAN Tian. Effects of a Cylinder Liner Microstructure on Lubrication Condition of a Twin-land Oil Control Ring and a Piston Skirt of an Internal Combustion Engine［J］. Tribology Letters， 2021， 70（1）： 6.
[13]	何山. 柴油机活塞组件润滑特性分析与油膜厚度试验验证［D］. 哈尔滨：哈尔滨工程大学， 2020.
	HE Shan. Analysis of Lubrication Characteristics and Oil Film Thickness Test of Diesel Piston Components［D］. Harbin： Harbin Engineering University， 2020.
[14]	孙军，张潇，朱剑雄，等. 计及润滑油输送的内燃机活塞二阶运动研究［J］. 机械工程学报， 2021， 57（6）： 164-170.
	SUN Jun， ZHANG Xiao， ZHU Jianxiong， et al. On the Piston Secondary Motion of IC Engine Considering the Lubricating Oil Transport［J］. Journal of Mechanical Engineering， 2021， 57（6）： 164-170.
[15]	MORRIS N， RAHMANI R， RAHNEJAT H， et al. Tribology of Piston Compression Ring Conjunction under Transient Thermal Mixed Regime of Lubrication［J］. Tribology International， 2013， 59： 248-258.
[16]	XiuyiLYU， JIAO Bowen， LU Xiqun， et al. A Statistical Piston Ring Lubrication Model Considering the Tribofilm and Its Effect of Two-stroke Marine Engines［J］. Tribology International， 2023， 177： 107996.
[17]	MENG Fanming， WANG Q J， HUA D， et al. A Simple Method to Calculate Contact Factor Used in Average Flow Model［J］. Journal of Tribology， 2010， 132（2）： 024505.
[18]	樊玉杰，陈俣哲，郝梦杰，等. 复合润滑结构改善滑动导轨表面爬行现象研究［J］. 中国机械工程， 2024， 35（10）： 1740-1746.
	FAN Yujie， CHEN Yuzhe， HAO Mengjie， et al. Reseach on Improvement of Creeping Phenomenon of Sliding Guideways by Composite Lubrication Texture［J］. China Mechanical Engineering， 2024， 35（10）： 1740-1746.
[19]	XiuyiLYU， HU Jiang， WANG Yunchuan， et al. Effect of Temperature on Tribofilm Growth and the Lubrication of the Piston Ring-cylinder Liner System in Two-stroke Marine Engines［J］. Friction， 2024， 12（8）： 1858-1881.
[20]	GUAN Zixu， CUI Yi. Thermal Load Analysis and Control of Four-stroke High Speed Diesel Engine［J］. Thermal Science， 2021， 25（4 Part A）： 2665-2675.
[21]	BAO Yuzhuan， LEI Jilin， LI Weixian， et al. Research on Thermal Deformation of Cylinder Bore with Orthogonal Experiment Method of Aluminum Alloy Cylinder Block in Diesel Engine［J］. Applied Thermal Engineering， 2024， 245： 122772.
[22]	GAO Zhenrong， NIE Weiming， WANG Haixin， et al. Enhancing Mechanical Performance and High-temperature Lubrication Enabled by MoS₂/WB₂ Nanolayered Films［J］. Composites Part B： Engineering， 2024， 275： 111350.
[23]	HEREDIA-CANCINO J A， RAMEZANI M， ÁLVAREZ-RAMOS M E. Effect of Degradation on Tribological Performance of Engine Lubricants at Elevated Temperatures［J］. Tribology International， 2018， 124： 230-237.
[24]	JOHANSSON S， NILSSON P H， OHLSSON R， et al. Experimental Friction Evaluation of Cylinder Liner/Piston Ring Contact［J］. Wear， 2011， 271（3/4）： 625-633.
[25]	LIU Cong， YIN Yanguo， TONG Baohong， et al. Tribological Properties of MoS₂ Powder-lubricated Interface［J］. Industrial Lubrication and Tribology， 2021， 73（6）： 839-845.
[26]	YI Meirong， QIU Jiaxun， XU Wenhu. Tribological Performance of Ultrathin MoS₂ Nanosheets in Formulated Engine Oil and Possible Friction Mechanism at Elevated Temperatures［J］. Tribology International， 2022， 167： 107426.
[27]	HUA Xijun， TIAN Zhixiang， XIE Xuan， et al. Tribological Behavior and Abrasion Resistance Mechanism of Laser Micro-bulge Texturing Surface under Full Oil Lubrication［J］. Tribology Transactions， 2020， 63（4）： 726-735.
[28]	XIAO Jinkun， WU Yuqing， ZHANG Wei， et al. Friction of Metal-matrix Self-lubricating Composites： Relationships among Lubricant Content， Lubricating Film Coverage， and Friction Coefficient［J］. Friction， 2020， 8（3）： 517-530.
[29]	ZHOU Long， SUN Guang hua， GUO Ying ying， et al. Effects of Ring Pack Friction Heat on Temperature Fields of Piston Set-liner［J］. International Journal of Automotive Technology， 2020， 21（6）： 1569-1578.
[30]	YAGI K， NISHIDA K， SUGIMURA J. Influence of the Heat Transfer Field on Anomalous Lubricant Film Formation in Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication Conditions［J］. Tribology Letters， 2021， 69（3）： 114.
[31]	HE Dongqing， HE Chao， LI Wensheng， et al. Tribological Behaviors of In-situ Textured DLC Films under Dry and Lubricated Conditions［J］. Applied Surface Science， 2020， 525： 146581.
[32]	DREVA K， MORINA A， YANG Liuquan， et al. The Effect of Temperature on Water Desorption and Oxide Formation in MoS₂ Coatings and Its Impact on Tribological Properties［J］. Surface and Coatings Technology， 2022， 433： 128077.