高强钢AH36薄板随焊热拉伸焊接失稳控制及其机理

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.12.028

中国机械工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (12): 3030-3039.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.12.028

• 先进材料加工工程 • 上一篇

高强钢AH36薄板随焊热拉伸焊接失稳控制及其机理

易斌¹^,²^,³(), 刘延斌²^,³, 付玲²^,³, 薛丁琪²^,³, 柳志诚⁴, 王江超¹()

^1.华中科技大学船舶与海洋工程学院, 武汉, 430074
^2.起重机械关键技术全国重点实验室, 长沙, 410013
^3.中联重科股份有限公司中央研究院, 长沙, 410013
^4.中联重科智能高空作业机械有限公司智能制造技术中心, 长沙, 410013

收稿日期:2025-02-27 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2025-12-31
通讯作者: 王江超
作者简介:易斌，男，1996年生，博士研究生。研究方向为薄板焊接失稳变形预测及控制。E-mail：yibin009@163.com
王江超^*（通信作者），男，1983年生，副教授、博士研究生导师。研究方向为船舶海洋结构物建造工艺力学及力学性能评估。E-mail：WJccn@hust.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52071151);国家重点研发计划(2024YFB3411100)

Control of Welding Buckling Distortion in Thin Plates of High-strength Steels AH36 by TTT and Its Mechanism

Bin YI¹^,²^,³(), Yanbin LIU²^,³, Ling FU²^,³, Dingqi XUE²^,³, Zhicheng LIU⁴, Jiangchao WANG¹()

^1.School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering，Huazhong University of Science and Technology，Wuhan，430074
^2.State Key Laboratory of Crane Technology，Changsha，410013
^3.Central Research Institute，Zoomlion Heavy Industry Science and Technology Co. ，Ltd. ，Changsha，410013
^4.Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Center，Zoomlion Intelligent Access Machinery Co. ，Ltd. ，Changsha，410013

Received:2025-02-27 Online:2025-12-25 Published:2025-12-31
Contact: Jiangchao WANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

高强钢AH36薄板焊接失稳变形严重影响制造精度，且难以通过焊后矫形手段完全消除。随焊热拉伸工艺是一种有效控制薄板焊接失稳变形的方法。以感应加热为辅助热源搭建随焊热拉伸焊接试验平台，进行高强钢AH36薄板常规对接焊和随焊热拉伸工艺试验，待试板冷却至室温后，通过三坐标测量仪测量接头变形，在常规焊接下最大相对面外变形为23.88 mm，随焊热拉伸下减小至13.68 mm。随后建立接头有限元模型，进行热-弹-塑性有限元分析，计算得到的结果与测量结果十分吻合，且通过调整热拉伸温度，接头最大相对面外变形减小至4.42 mm。最后基于固有应变理论分析了高强钢AH36薄板焊接失稳变形产生的原因以及随焊热拉伸工艺的控制机理：辅助热源形成的热拉伸作用改变了母材对焊缝的拘束程度，导致升温过程中产生了更小的压缩塑性应变，而冷却过程中产生了更大的拉伸塑性应变，使得焊缝处固有应变减小，纵向收缩力减小26.4%；瞬时变形降低使得横向固有弯曲力矩减小95.2%，减小了失稳产生的初始扰动，进一步控制了薄板焊接失稳变形。

关键词: 随焊热拉伸, 固有应变, 焊接失稳变形, 机理分析, 有限元计算, 高强钢AH36

Abstract:

The welding buckling distortion in thin plates of high-strength steels AH36 seriously affected the manufacturing accuracy and was difficult to be completely eliminated by means of correction after welding. TTT was an effective method to control buckling distortion during thin plates welding. A TTT platform was built with induction heating as the auxiliary heat source to conduct conventional welding and TTT experiments in thin plates of high-strength steels AH36 . After the joints were cooled to room temperature， welding distortion was measured by the three-coordinate measuring machine. The maximum relative out-of-plane deformation is as 23.88 mm under conventional welding， and decreases to 13.68 mm under TTT processes. Subsequently， the FE model of butt welded joint was established and thermal elastic plastic FE analyses were carried out for conventional welding and TTT processes. The results are in good agreement with the measured ones. Meanwhile， the maximum relative out-of-plane deformation could be reduced to 4.42 mm with modifying the temperature during TTT processes. Finally， the causes of welding buckling distortion and the control mechanism of TTT during thin plates welding processes with high-strength steels AH36 were clarified based on the welding inherent strain theory. The thermal tensile action formed by the auxiliary heat source changes the constraint degree of the base materials on the weld， which results in less compressive plastic strain during the heating processes and more tensile plastic strain during the cooling processes， so that the inherent strain at the weld is decreased. The tendon force is reduced by 26.4%. The reduction of instantaneous deformation decrease the transverse inherent bending moment by 95.2%， which reduces the initial disturbance resulting in welding buckling distortions， so as to further control the welding buckling distortion of thin plate structures.

Key words: transient thermal tensioning（TTT）, inherent strain, welding buckling distortion, mechanism analysis, FE computation, high-strength steel AH36

中图分类号:

TG442

易斌, 刘延斌, 付玲, 薛丁琪, 柳志诚, 王江超. 高强钢AH36薄板随焊热拉伸焊接失稳控制及其机理[J]. 中国机械工程, 2025, 36(12): 3030-3039.

Bin YI, Yanbin LIU, Ling FU, Dingqi XUE, Zhicheng LIU, Jiangchao WANG. Control of Welding Buckling Distortion in Thin Plates of High-strength Steels AH36 by TTT and Its Mechanism[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2025, 36(12): 3030-3039.

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链接本文: https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2025.12.028

https://www.cmemo.org.cn/CN/Y2025/V36/I12/3030

图/表 22

图1 对接接头随焊热拉伸工艺试验系统

Fig.1 TTT experiment system for butt welded joint

图2 随焊热拉伸工艺参数示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of TTT process during the experiment

图3 三坐标测量仪

Fig.3 The coordinate measuring machine

图4 对接接头焊接面外变形测量结果

Fig.4 The measured out-of-plane displacement of butt welded joint

图5 热-弹-塑性有限元分析流程

Fig.5 Flowchart of thermal elastic plastic FE analysis

图6 对接接头实体单元模型

Fig.6 Solid element FE model for butt welded joint

图7 体热源模型

Fig.7 Volumetric heat source model

图8 对接接头熔池形状轮廓和面积对比

Fig.8 Comparison of weld pool shape and area of butt joint

图9 测温点最高温度对比

Fig.9 Comparison of the highest temperature at the temperature measuring point

图10 对接接头焊接面外变形云图计算结果

Fig.10 Computed contour of out-of-plane displacement for butt welded joint

图11 对接接头焊接面外变形对比

Fig.11 Comparison of out-of-plane displacement for butt welded joint

图12 常规焊接和不同热拉伸温度接头横断面上最高温度对比

Fig.12 Comparison of the maximum temperature on the cross section of joints with CW and different temperatures during TTT

图13 常规焊接和不同热拉伸温度接头焊接面外变形对比

Fig.13 Comparison of the welding out-of-plane displacement of joints with CW and different TTT temperatures

图14 典型焊接结构焊后受力示意图

Fig.14 Schematic diagram of post-weld load on a typical welded structure

图15 常规焊接和随焊热拉伸工艺下应力和应变随温度变化过程

Fig.15 Stress and strain as a function of temperature in CW and TTT processes

图16 常规焊接和随焊热拉伸2下计算的纵向塑性应变随温度变化曲线

Fig.16 Computed longitudinal plastic strain versus temperature for CW and TTT-2 processes

表1 常规焊接和随焊热拉伸2下相关纵向塑性应变值

Tab.1 Related longitudinal plastic strain of CW and TTT-2 processes

数据点	点A		点B
工艺过程	CW	TTT-2	CW	TTT-2
升温过程中纵向压缩塑性应变	$-$ 0.0123	$-$ 0.0121	$-$ 0.0168	$-$ 0.0160
残余纵向压缩塑性应变	$-$ 0.0022	$-$ 0.0019	$-$ 0.0033	$-$ 0.0019
冷却过程中纵向拉伸塑性应变	0.0101	0.0102	0.0135	0.0141
最大纵向压缩塑性应变	$-$ 0.0225	$-$ 0.0207	$-$ 0.0206	$-$ 0.0194

表1 常规焊接和随焊热拉伸2下相关纵向塑性应变值

Tab.1 Related longitudinal plastic strain of CW and TTT-2 processes

数据点	点A		点B
工艺过程	CW	TTT-2	CW	TTT-2
升温过程中纵向压缩塑性应变	$-$ 0.0123	$-$ 0.0121	$-$ 0.0168	$-$ 0.0160
残余纵向压缩塑性应变	$-$ 0.0022	$-$ 0.0019	$-$ 0.0033	$-$ 0.0019
冷却过程中纵向拉伸塑性应变	0.0101	0.0102	0.0135	0.0141
最大纵向压缩塑性应变	$-$ 0.0225	$-$ 0.0207	$-$ 0.0206	$-$ 0.0194

图17 常规焊接和随焊热拉伸2下纵向收缩力曲线对比

Fig.17 The curves of tendon force Ft for CW and TTT-2 processes

图18 常规焊接和随焊热拉伸2下横断面横向固有应变对比

Fig.18 Comparison of transverse inherent strain on cross section under CW and TTT-2

图19 常规焊接和随焊热拉伸2下横向固有应变沿厚度方向分布曲线对比

Fig.19 Comparison of transverse inherent strain curves along the thickness direction under CW and TTT-2

图20 常规焊接和随焊热拉伸2中热循环曲线对比

Fig.20 Comparison of the thermal cycle in CW and TTT-2 processes

图21 常规焊接和随焊热拉伸2中点C的瞬时焊接面外变形曲线

Fig.21 Instantaneous welding out-of-plane displacement curves at point C in CW and TTT-2 processes

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高强钢AH36薄板随焊热拉伸焊接失稳控制及其机理

Control of Welding Buckling Distortion in Thin Plates of High-strength Steels AH36 by TTT and Its Mechanism

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