电液颤振对冷挤压塑性成形件金属流线及晶粒组织的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对冷挤压成形过程中金属变形抗力大、模具易磨损等不足，提出一种新型冷挤压工艺，即在冷挤压成形过程中引入振动激励信号。运用DEFORM-3D有限元分析软件构建系统仿真模型，分别在有无施加颤振两种挤压方式下进行模拟仿真。仿真结果表明,施加颤振信号能促进金属的流动，金属流动速度达到62.4 mm/s，网格流线变形程度比传统挤压方式下的变形程度小。设计了电液式颤振冷挤压实验平台及模具，分别在有无施加颤振两种挤压方式下进行实验，并将所得成形零件用体积分数为4%的硝酸酒精溶液腐蚀，利用扫描电镜观察零件剖面。实验结果表明，施加颤振信号后，晶粒由原来的大小为3.3～5.0μm细化到1.7~3.3μm,晶粒变形更加均匀,变形组织更加细密，金属纤维组织变得更细更长。

关键词: 冷挤压, 有限元模拟, 金属塑性成形, 电液颤振, 金属流线

Abstract:

Cold extrusion process had some disadvantages,such as gigantic metal deformation resistance,mold wear,etc.a new type of cold extrusion process was proposed,where vibration excitation signals were applied in the cold extrusion process.Using DEFORM-3D finite element analysis software,the system simulation models were built and the forming process was simulated on whether the vibration was applied to this process.Simulation results show that the signal can be applied to facilitate the metal flow,and the metal flow rate reaches 62.4mm/s.The degree of deformation of the mesh flow lines is smaller than that in the condition of traditional squeeze mode. A kind of electro-hydraulic vibration experimental platform and die were designed for this project.Experiments were completed on the conditions of whether the vibration was applied to this process.Etching molded parts with 4% Nital,and SEM was used to observe the part sections.Experimental results show that after the application of vibration signals in cold extrusion,the grain size reduce from about 3.3~5.0μm to 1.7~3.3μm,grain deformation becomes more uniform,deformation tissue becomes more dense,metallic fibrous tissue becomes finer and longer.

Key words: cold extruding;finite , element , modeling;metal , plastic forming;electro-hydraulic vibration;metal , flow line

中图分类号:

TG14
TG3

杨庆华, 洪潇潇, 王志恒, 鲍官军, 胡新华, 薛军义. 电液颤振对冷挤压塑性成形件金属流线及晶粒组织的影响[J]. 中国机械工程, 2015, 26(16): 2226-2232.

Yang Qinghua, Hong Xiaoxiao, Wang Zhiheng, Bao Guanjun, Hu Xinhua, Xue Junyi. Impacts of Electro-hydraulic Vibration Applied in Cold Extrusion of Metal Plastic Forming Process on Metal Flow Lines and Grain Structure[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2015, 26(16): 2226-2232.

参考文献

[1]洪慎章.冷挤压实用技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006:1-15.
[2]温彤,裴春雷,李昌坤.塑性成形过程的振动应用技术[J].热加工工艺,2009,38(1):114-117.
Wen Tong,Pei Chunlei,Li Changkun.Application of Vibration in Plastic Forming Processes[J].Hot Working Technology,2009,38(1):114-117.
[3]Mousavi S A A A,Feizi H,Madoliat R.Investigations on the Effects of Ultrasonic Vibrations in the Extrusion Process[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2007,187:657-661.
[4]Bunget C,Ngaile G.Influence of Ultrasonic Vibration on Micro-extrusion[J].Ultrasonics,2011,51(5):606-616.
[5]Stroud R C,Hamma G A,Undewood M A,et al.A Review of Multiaxis/Multiexciter Vibration Technology[J].Sound and Vibration, 1996, 30(4): 20-27.
[6]韩意斌,俞浙青,阮健.新型高频电液激振器[J].液压与气动,2007(6)：67-69.
Han Yibin,Yu Zheqing,Ruan Jian.A New Eelectro-hydraulic Vibrator with Hhigh Frequency[J].Chinese Hydraulics & Pneumatics, 2007(6): 67-69.
[7]蔡改贫,姜志宏,翁海珊.低频振动塑性成形粘弹塑性模型的体积效应分析[J].机械强度,2007,29(2):346-350.
Cai Gaipin,Jiang Zhihong,Weng Haishan.Volume Effect Analysis of Visco-elasticity Plasticity Models for Plastic Deformation with Low-frequency Vibration[J].Journal of Mechanical Strength,2007,29(2):346-350.
[8]刘峥.振动摆动辗压中表面效应有限元模型的建立[J]. 科技信息,2011(12):111.
Liu Zheng.The Establishment of the Finite Element Model of the Surface Effect in Vibration Swing Rolling[J].Science & Technology Information,2011(12):111.
[9]胡赓祥,蔡珣,戎咏华.材料科学基础[M].3版.上海:上海交通大学出版社,2014:108-109.
[10]高晓龙,夏天东,王晓军,等.金属晶粒细化方法的研究现状[J].金属功能材料,2009,16(6):60-65.
Gao Xiaolong,Xia Tiandong,Wang Xiaojun,et al.Present Research Status for Metals Refinement Methods[J].Metallic Functional Materials, 2009,16(6):60-65.
[11]Yao Z,Kim G Y,Faidley L A,et al.Effects of Superimposed High-frequency Vibration on Deformation of Aluminum in Micro/meso-scale Upsetting[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2012,212(3):640-646.
[12]Rasoli M A,Abdullah A,Farzin M,et al.Influence of Ultrasonic Vibrations on Tube Spinning Process[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2012,212:1443-1452.
[13]Liu Y,Han Q,Hua L,et al.Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Upsetting with Ultrasonic Vibration of Pure Copper Cone Tip[J]. Ultrasonics,2013,53(3):803-807.
[14]秦清源.超声辅助旋压塑性变形机理研究及谐振系统设计[D].长沙:中南大学，2013.
[15]刘艳雄. 超声波辅助大塑性变形细化材料晶粒研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2012.
[16]董湘怀.金属塑性成形原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2011:18-23.
[17]邹章雄,项金钟,许思勇.Hall-Petch关系的理论推导及其适用范围讨论[J].物理测试,2012,30(6):13-17.
Zou Zhangxiong,Xiang Jinzhong,Xu Siyong.Theoretical Derivation of Hall-Petch Relationship and Discussion of Its Applicable Range[J]. Physics Examination and Testing,2012,30(6):13-17.
[18]Chan W L,Fu M W.Studies of the Interactive Effect of Specimen and Grain Sizes on the Plastic Deformation Behavior in Microforming[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2012,62(9-12):989-1000.
[19]赵君文,吴树森,毛有武,等.功率超声振动在金属材料成形中的研究及应用[J].材料导报,2008,22:189-191.
Zhao Junwen,Wu Shusen,Mao Youwu,et al.Investigation and Application of Power Ultrasonic Vibration Inmetallic Materials Forming[J]. Materials Review,2008,22:189-191.
[20]王哲,李新和,刘舜尧,等.超声振动对材料流变行为的影响机制[J].塑性工程学报,2012,19(2):38-42.
Wang Zhe,Li Xinhe,Liu Shunyao,et al.Influene Principle of Ultrasonic Vibration on the Rheological Behavior of Materials[J].Journal of Plasticity Engineering,2012,19(2):38-42.
[21]缪宏,左敦稳,张敏,等.飞机起落架高强度钢内螺纹冷挤压成形金属流动规律研究[J].中国机械工程,2010,21(14):1714-1718.
Miao Hong,Zuo Dunwen,Zhang Min,et al.Research on Metal Flow of Internal Thread of Highstrength Steel during Cold Extrusion for Aircraft Landing Gear[J].China Mechanical Engineering,2010,21(14):1714-1718.