五轴联动数控加工中的刀具轨迹控制算法

中国机械工程 ›› 2010, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (24): 2904-2909.

五轴联动数控加工中的刀具轨迹控制算法

耿聪1,2;于东2;张晓辉1,2

1.中国科学院研究生院，北京，100039
2.中国科学院沈阳计算技术研究所高档数控国家工程中心，沈阳，110171

出版日期:2010-12-25 发布日期:2010-12-30
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项(2009ZX04009-013)
National Science and Technology Major Project ( No. 2009ZX04009-013)

An Algorithm for Tool Path Control in Five-axis CNC Machining Proesses

Geng Cong1, 2;Yu Dong2;Zhang Xiaohui1, 2

1.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing ,100039

2.National Engineering Research Center for High-end CNC, Shenyang Institute of 

Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, 110171

Online:2010-12-25 Published:2010-12-30
Supported by:
National Science and Technology Major Project ( No. 2009ZX04009-013)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

已有的五轴联动数控加工系统往往忽略刀轴矢量插补问题，只是简单地通过对线性轴进行插补、对旋转轴进行跟随的方式来实现刀具轨迹的控制，导致产生非线性误差和刀具碰撞与干涉等问题。为此，提出一种基于刀轴矢量插补的刀具轨迹控制算法。该算法采用大圆弧插补法对加工过程中的刀轴矢量进行控制，同时采用NURBS曲线拟合方法对控制过程中产生的中间点进行处理，并通过对拟合而成的NURBS曲线进行插补来实时计算各运动轴的位置。该算法不仅能够有效地提高五轴联动数控加工的精度，而且可以有效减小数据存储量。仿真和实际加工验证了算法的有效性和实用性，证明算法具有轨迹过渡平稳、非线性误差小的特点。

关键词:

五轴数控加工;刀具轨迹控制;大圆弧插补, NURBS曲线拟合

Abstract:

The currently existing 5-axis NC machining systems tend to make axes of rotation vary with feed shaft to realize the control of the tool path, ignoring the problem of the interpolation of tool orientations. This will result in nonlinear errors and collisions between tools and work pieces. Aiming at the problems mentioned above, a novel algorithm for tool path control was proposed. In this algorithm, tool orientations were obtained by using great circle interpolation and NURBS curve fitting method was used to fit orientations produced in the interpolation. NURBS interpolation was also used to obtain the position of each axis in real-time. This algorithm improves machining accuracy and lowers data storage. Finally, the effectiveness and practicality of this method were verified by simulation and actual machining. Results show that the algorithm has advantages of small nonlinear error and smooth transition.

Key words:

five-axis NC machining, tool path control, great circle interpolation, NURBS curve fitting

中图分类号:

TG659

耿聪, 于东, 张晓辉.

五轴联动数控加工中的刀具轨迹控制算法

[J]. 中国机械工程, 2010, 21(24): 2904-2909.

GENG Cong, XU Dong, ZHANG Xiao-Hui.

An Algorithm for Tool Path Control in Five-axis CNC Machining Proesses

[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2010, 21(24): 2904-2909.

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