硬地层单牙轮-PDC钻扩联合钻头破岩特性

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 提出了新型单牙轮-PDC钻扩联合钻头，先依靠单牙轮破岩钻孔，释放地应力，产生岩石损伤，再助推PDC钻头刮切破岩。运用有限元法，建立钻扩联合钻头、双级PDC和常规PDC钻头破岩的非线性动力学模型。通过对岩石本构关系进行D-P准则描述以及确定岩石破碎的判据，分析钻扩联合钻头钻进硬地层的破岩机理，开展了3种钻头动态破岩过程的对比研究。结果表明：钻扩联合钻头在钻进过程中井底井壁的岩石应力得到明显释放，大大提高了岩层可钻性；在硬地层中钻扩联合钻头钻进速度提高的主要原因是拉应力破岩；钻扩联合钻头在硬地层钻进过程中的扭转振动大大降低，破岩效率更高，钻头寿命更长；由于单牙轮领眼破碎岩石的作用，钻扩联合钻头对井底岩石的冲击破碎能力更强，在硬地层中钻进更快。研究结果为新型单牙轮-PDC钻扩联合钻头的研发提供了参考。

关键词: 硬地层, 单牙轮-PDC钻扩联合钻头, 破岩机理, 拉应力破岩

Abstract: A new single cone-PDC combined drill bit was put forward, which relied on a single cone broken rock drilling so as to release ground stresses, thus resulting in rock damage, and then help promote the PDC bit cut rock breaking.The nonlinear dynamics models of rock breaking of combined drill bit, two-stage PDC bit and conventional PDC bit were established by finite element method.By describing the D-P criterion of rock constitutive relation and determining the criterion of rock breakage, the rock breaking mechanism of expanding combined drill bit drilling in hard formation was analyzed, and the comparative study of the dynamic rock breaking processes of 3 drill bits was carried out.The results show that the rock stresses of bottom well wall of expanding combined drill bit are obviously released, which greatly improves the drilling ability of rock formation.Rock breaking under tensile stress is the main reason of expanding combined drill bit enhancing the drilling speed greatly in hard formation.The torsional vibration of expanding combined drill bit is greatly reduced during drilling in hard formation, which leads to higher rock-breaking efficiency and longer life of drill bit.As a result of the effects of single cone collar breaking the rock, the rock burst ability of expanding combined drill bit to the bottom of hole is greater, and the drilling is faster in hard formation.The results provide a reference for the research of new types of singlecone-PDC combined drill bit.

Key words: hard formation;single cone-PDC combined drill bit;rock breaking mechanism, rock breaking under tensile stress

中图分类号:

TD421

李琴;傅文韬;黄志强;马亚超;谢豆. 硬地层单牙轮-PDC钻扩联合钻头破岩特性[J]. 中国机械工程.

LI Qin;FU Wentao;HUANG Zhiqiang;MA Yachao;XIE Dou. Rock Breaking Characteristics of a Single Cone-PDC Combined Drill Bit in Hard Formation[J]. China Mechanical Engineering.

参考文献

[1]司光,魏伶华,黄伟和,等.影响钻井成本的主要因素与控制措施[J].天然气工业,2009,29(9):106-109.
SI Guang, WEI Linghua, HUANG Weihe, et al.Main Factors and Control Measures Affecting Drilling Costs[J].Natural Gas Industry, 2009,29(9):106-109.
[2]孙龙德,邹才能,朱如凯,等.中国深层油气形成、分布与潜力分析[J].石油勘探与开发,2013(6):641-649.
SUN Longde ,ZOU Caineng, ZHU Rukai, et al.Formation Distribution and Potential of Deep Hydrocarbon Resources in China[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2013(6): 641-649.
[3]PESSIER R,DAMSCHEN M .Hybrid Bits Offer Distinct Advantages in Selected Roller-cone and PDC Bit Applications[J].SPE Drilling & Completion, 2011, 26(1):96-103.
[4]THOMSON I J, KRASUK R M,SILVA N,et al.Hybrid Drill Bit Improves Drilling Performance in Heterogeneous Formations in Brazil[J].Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011: SPE-143686-MS.
[5]DI PASQUALE M, CALVARESI E, PECANTET S.A Breakthrough Performance for an Inland Application with a Hybrid Bit Technology[J].Society of Petroleum Engineers 2013: SPE-163436-MS.
[6]韩烈祥.国产PDC+牙轮复合钻头问世[J].钻采工艺,2013,36(5):36.
HAN Liexiang.Domestic PDC+Tooth Cone Composite Drills Come Out[J].Drilling & Production Technology, 2013,36(5):36.
[7]彭烨.双级PDC钻头的理论及试验研究[D].北京:中国石油大学,2008.
PENG Ye.The Theory and Testing Study of Two-stage PDC Bit[D].Beijing: China University of Petroleum, 2008.
[8]杨英祥.一种双心钻头:中国，CN201520066069.4 [P].2015-01-29.
YANG Yingxiang.Double Heart Drill: China, CN201520066069.4 [P].2015-01-29.
[9]黄文岩.一种钻扩联合钻头:中国，CN201520608185.4[P].2015-08-13.
HUANG Wenyan.Drilling and Expanding CombinedDrill：China，CN201520608185.4[P].2015-08-13.
[10]王清峰,朱才朝,宋朝省,等.牙轮钻头单牙轮的破岩仿真研究[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(10):108-112.
WANG Qingfeng, ZHU Caizhao, SONG Chaosheng, et al.Study on Rock Breaking Simulation of Roller Drill Bit Cone[J].Journal of Vibration And Shock,2010,29(10):108-112.
[11]费康,张建伟.ABAQUS在岩土工程中的应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010:67-77.
FEI Kang, ZHANG Jianwei.Application of ABAQUS in Geotechnical Engineering[M].BeiJing: China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Press,2010:67-77.
[12]蔡美峰.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002:45-57.
CAI Meifeng.Rock Mechanics and Engineering[M].Beijing: Science Press,2002:45-57.
[13]ABAQUS, Inc.ABAQUS/Standard User's Manual Version6.5[M].Paris:ABAQUS Inc., 2005.
[14]蔡四维,蔡敏.混凝土的损伤断裂[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1999:35-41.
CAI Siwei, CAI Min.Concrete Damage Fracture[M].Beijing: China Communications Press, 1999:35-41.
[15]祝效华,汤历平,童华.高频扭转冲击钻进的减振与提速机理研究[J].振动与冲击,2012,31(20):75-78.
ZHU Xiaohua, TANG Liping, TONG Hua.Rock Breaking Mechanism of a High Frequency Torsional Impact Drilling[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock, 2012,31(20): 75-78.
[16]屠厚泽,高森.岩石破碎学[M].北京:地质出版社,1990:24-29.
TU Houze, GAO Sen.Theory of Rock Fragmentation[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1990:24-29.
[17]祝效华,汤历平,孟苹苹,等.PDC钻头粘滑振动理分析[J].石油矿场机械,2012,41(4):13-16.
ZHU Xiaohua, TANG Liping, MENG Pingping, et al.Stick-Slip Vibration Mechanism Analysis of PDC Bit[J].Oil Field Equipment,2012, 41(4): 13-16.
[18]KYLLINGSTAD A, HALSEY G W.A Study of Slip/Stick Motion of the Bit., SPE 16659[R].Dallas, TX:SPE, 1987.