基于定向距离理论的五轴加工刀具轨迹规划算法

中国机械工程

基于定向距离理论的五轴加工刀具轨迹规划算法

尹业熙1,2;秦衡峰1;周后明1

1.湘潭大学机械工程学院，湘潭,411105
2.湘潭大学复杂轨迹加工工艺及装备教育部工作研究中心，湘潭,411105

出版日期:2017-11-25 发布日期:2017-11-23
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目（51375418）；
湖南省自然科学基金资助项目（2017JJ4038）
National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 51375418）
Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 2017JJ4038）

Tool Path Planning Algorithm of Five-axis Machining Based on Directional Distance Theory

YIN Yexi1,2;QIN Hengfeng1;ZHOU Houming1

1.School of Mechanical Engineering，Xiangtan University，Xiangtan，Hunan，411105
2.Engineering Research Center of Complex Track Processing Technology and Equipment，Ministry of Education，Xiangtan University，Xiangtan,Hunan，411105

Online:2017-11-25 Published:2017-11-23
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 51375418）
Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 2017JJ4038）

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对环形刀五轴加工自由曲面的残留误差问题，在传统等残留高度算法的基础上，提出了一种基于定向距离理论的等最大残留高度刀具轨迹规划算法。首先根据微分几何理论计算已知刀触点的初始侧向行距，并在侧向行距方向进行偏置得到相邻刀触点；然后以基于定向距离理论的残高误差计算模型对相邻刀触点间的实际残高值进行计算；最后通过迭代计算规划出等最大残留高度的相邻刀具轨迹。如此循环，从而获得整个曲面的刀具轨迹。实验结果表明，相对于商用软件MasterCAM9.0，该算法在充分保证曲面加工质量的同时最大限度地减小了刀具轨迹的总长度，从而提高了加工效率。

关键词: 环形刀, 自由曲面, 等最大残留高度, 定向距离理论, 刀具轨迹规划

Abstract: For the residual error problems of five-axis machining free-form surface of toroidal cutter, a tool path planning algorithm with maximum ISO-scallop due to directional distance theory was proposed based on traditional ISO-scallop algorithm. Firstly, the initial lateral spacing distance of the known cutter contact (CC) point was calculated according to differential geometry theory, and the adjacent CC point was obtained in lateral direction. And then the actual scallop height of the adjacent CC point was calculated by scallop error calculation model based on the directional distance theory. Finally, the maximum ISO-scallop of the adjacent tool path was planned through the iterative calculation. Repetitions went on until the tool paths of the whole surface were obtained. The experimental results show that compared with the commercial software MasterCAM 9.0, the algorithm may greatly reduce total length of tool paths while ensuring the quality of surface machining, and improving the processing efficiency.

Key words: toroidal cutter, free-form surface, maximum ISO-scallop, directional distance theory, tool path planning

中图分类号:

TG659

尹业熙1,2;秦衡峰1;周后明1. 基于定向距离理论的五轴加工刀具轨迹规划算法[J]. 中国机械工程.

YIN Yexi1,2;QIN Hengfeng1;ZHOU Houming1. Tool Path Planning Algorithm of Five-axis Machining Based on Directional Distance Theory[J]. China Mechanical Engineering.

参考文献

[1]梁媛,孙建业,王国勋. NURBS曲面五轴加工刀具规迹生成技术研究[J]. 工具技术,2014,48(7):37-42.
LIANG Yuan, SUN Jianye, WANG Guoxun. Research of Five Axis Machining Tool Trajectory Planning of NURBS Surface[J]. Tool Engineering, 2014,48(7): 37-42.
[2]LONEY G C, OZSOY T M. NC Machining of Free Form Surfaces[J]. Computer-Aided Design, 1987, 19(2):85-90.
[3]HUANG Y, OLIVER D J H. Non-constant Parameter NC Tool Path Generation on Sculptured Surfaces[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 1994, 9(5):281-290.
[4]SURESH K, YANG D C H. Constant Scallop-height Machining of Free-form Surfaces[J]. Journal of Engineering for Industry, 1994, 116(2):253-259.
[5]赵世田, 赵东标, 付莹莹,等. 改进的等残余高度加工自由曲面刀具路径生成算法[J]. 南京航空航天大学学报, 2012, 44(2):240-245.
ZHAO Shitian, ZHAO Dongbiao, FU Yingying, et al. Improved ISO-scallop Tool Path Generation Algorithm for Free-Form Surface Machining[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics, 2012, 44(2):240-245.
[6]杨长祺, 秦大同, 石万凯. 自由曲面五轴等残余高度高精度加工的路径规划[J]. 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报, 2003, 15(5):621-625.
YANG Changqi, QIN Datong, SHI Wankai. Precision Constant Scallop-height Tool-path Planning for Five-axis Free-form Surface Machining[J]. Journal of Computer-Aided Design & Computer Graphics, 2003, 15(5):621-625.
[7]Lin Z, FU J, SHEN H, et al. Tool Path Generation for Multi-axis Freeform Surface Finishing with the LKH TSP Solver [J]. Computer-Aided Design, 2015, 69:51-61.
[8]林志伟. 五轴数控加工无干涉无奇异高效轨迹生成与优化研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2014.
LIN Zhiwei. Research on Non-interference Non-singular Efficient Tool Path Planning and Optimization for Five-axis Machining[D]. Hangzhou：Zhejiang University, 2014.
[9]陈良骥, 程俊伟, 王永章. 环形刀五轴数控加工刀具路径生成算法[J]. 机械工程学报, 2008, 44(3):205-212.
CHEN Liangji, CHENG Junwei, WANG Yongzhang. Tool Path Generation Algorithm for Five-axis NC Machining with a Toroidal Cutter[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2008, 44(3):205-212.
[10]王进波. 复杂曲面无干涉刀具轨迹生成算法研究[D]. 武汉：武汉工程大学, 2013.
WANG Jinbo. Study of the Algorithm of Interference-free Tool Trajectory Generation of Complex Surface[D]. Wuhan：Wuhan Insitute of Technology,2013.
[11]杨旭静, 王小芳, 郑娟,等. 基于包络面的网格曲面等残留高度路径规划[J]. 湖南大学学报(自科版), 2013, 40(10):38-42.
YANG Xujing, WANG Xiaofang ,ZHENG Juan, et al. Constant Scallop-height Tool Path Generation for Mesh Surface Based on Tool Envelope Surface[J]. Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences), 2013, 40(10):38-42.
[12]王太勇, 张志强, 王涛,等. 复杂参数曲面高精度刀具轨迹规划算法[J]. 机械工程学报, 2007, 43(12):109-113.
WANG Taiyong, ZHANG Zhiqiang, WANG Tao, et al. High Precision Tool Path Planning Algorithm for Complex Parametric Surface[J]. Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2007, 43(12):109-113.
[13]王建军. 汽轮机叶片圆环形盘铣刀包络加工理论研究[D]. 沈阳：沈阳工业大学, 2015.
WANG Jianjun. Research on Circular Disk Cutter Envelop Milling Theory for Turbine Blade[D]. Shenyang：Shenyang University of Technology, 2015.
[14]喻德生. 平面有向几何学[M]. 北京：科学出版社, 2014.
YU Desheng. Plane Geometrical Geometry[M]. Beijing：Science Press,2014.
[15]陈涛, 罗宏志, 钟毅芳,等. 基于曲率的曲面加工刀位轨迹生成算法[J]. 图学学报, 2001, 22(2):29-34.
CHEN Tao, LUO Hongzhi, ZHONG Yifang, et al. Curvature Based Algorithm of Cutter Location Path Generation for NC Machining of Freeform Surfaces[J]. Journal of Engineering Graphics, 2001, 22(2):29-34.
[16]CAO S K, DENG Y H, ZHANG K, et al. Free Surface NC Machining Tool Path Optimization Algorithm Based on the ISO-Scallop Method[J]. Applied Mechanics & Materials, 2015, 799/800:1193-1196.
[17]LIU Z, LU H, YU G, et al. A Novel CNC Machining Method for Enveloping Surface[J]. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2016(1):1-12.
[18]严思杰, 周云飞, 陈学东. 五轴NC加工中刀具运动包络面的计算[J].中国机械工程, 2005, 16(23):2120-2124.
YAN Sijie, ZHOU Yunfei, CHEN Xuedong. Calculation for the Cuter Envelope Surface in 5-axis NC Machining[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2005, 16(23):2120-2124.