自动紧急制动与可逆预紧安全带共同作用下乘员损伤分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对自动紧急制动（AEB）加重碰撞前的乘员离位现象，探讨了使用可逆预紧安全带改善该现象的有效性。建立了结合自动紧急制动、可逆预紧、主动人体模型的驾驶员侧乘员约束系统模型，通过志愿者实车实验获取碰撞前乘员多种坐姿的安全带约束参数，设定可逆预紧的关键参数范围。分析了AEB与可逆预紧关键参数对碰撞前乘员运动响应及碰撞中乘员损伤风险的影响。结果表明：相同碰撞强度下，AEB增加了乘员的损伤风险，尤其是胸部损伤。可逆预紧安全带通过改善乘员离位状态，可明显降低乘员在正面碰撞中的损伤风险。

关键词: 自动紧急制动, 离位, 可逆预紧安全带, 预紧力, 预紧时刻, 损伤风险

Abstract: Aiming at the occupant seat posture aggravated by AEB, the effectiveness of RPS in improving occupant OOP seating posture was investigated. A numerical simulation approach was utilized to establish a driver-side restraint system model involving AEB, RPS and active human model(AHM). On the basis of volunteer tests which were conducted to obtain the key parameters induced by restrained occupants with different seat postures in the pre-crash phase, the tension force and increased length of seatbelts of RPS were set. The influences imposed by AEB and RPS on the occupants movement in the pre-crash phase were interpretted, as well as the injury risk during in-crash phase. The results indicate that AEB increases occupants injury risk in identical impact severity, especially thorax injury. Nevertheless, occupants injury risk decreases significantly with the utilization of RPS through improving occupants OOP seat posture.

Key words: autonomous emergency braking(AEB); , out-of-position(OOP); , reversible pretension seatbelt(RPS); , pretension force, activation time; , injury risk

中图分类号:

U461.91

曹立波, 欧阳志高, 贾寓词, 徐哲, 张冠军. 自动紧急制动与可逆预紧安全带共同作用下乘员损伤分析[J]. 中国机械工程.

Cao Libo, Ouyang Zhigao, Jia Yuci, Xu Zhe, Zhang Guanjun. Analyses of Occupant Injury Affected by Combination of Autonomous Emergency Braking and Reversible Pretensioner Seatbelts[J]. China Mechanical Engineering.

参考文献

[1]连广宇, 朱西产, 马志雄, 等. OOP下PAB对乘员造成损伤的改善的研究[C]//第十二届中国汽车安全技术国际研讨会. 厦门, 2009:408-413.

[2]陆善彬, 刘立勇, 张君媛, 等. 安全气囊仿真技术在乘员离位模拟中的应用研究[J]. 合肥工业大学学报（自然科学版）, 2009. 32(12): 1793-1800.

Lu Shanbin, Liu Liyong, Zhang Junyuan, et al. Simulation Investigation of Airbag Deployment for Occupant Out-of-position (OOP) in Frontal Impact[J]. Journal of Hefei University of Technology(Nature Science), 2009. 32(12): 1793-1800.

[3]刘江, 张金换, 黄世霖. 汽车碰撞预判系统关键技术分析[J]. 汽车工程, 2009, 31(12):1145-1148.

Liu Jiang, Zhang Jinhuan, Huang Shilin. An Analysis on the Key Technologies in Automotive Pre-crash Safety System[J]. Automotive Engineering, 2009,31(12): 1145-1148.

[4]Schoeneburg R, Baumann K H, Fehring M. The Efficiency of PRE-SAFE Systems in Pre-braked Frontal Collision Situations[C]//The 22nd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). Washington, D.C., 2011：11-0207.

[5]Infantes E, Schaub S, Kramer S, et al. Evaluation of Occupant Protection during the Crash Phase Considering Pre-crash Safety Systems-results from the Ec-funded Project Assess[C]//The 23rd International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). Seoul , 2013:13-0419.

[6]姚远, 罗逍, 张金换. 碰撞预判系统中可逆预紧安全带控制参数探究[C]//第十四届中国汽车安全技术国际研讨会. 重庆, 2011:281-285.

[7]sth J, lafsdóttir J M, Davidsson J, et al. Driver Kinematic and Muscle Responses in Braking Events with Standard and Reversible Pre-tensioned Restraints: Validation Data for Human Models[J]. Stapp Car Crash Journal, 2013,57:1-41.

[8]Ito D, Ejima S, Kitajima S, et al. Occupant Kinematic Behavior and Effects of a Motorized Seatbelt on Occupant Restraint of Human Volunteers during Low Speed Frontal Impact: Mini-sled Tests with Mass Production Car Seat[C]//Proceedings of the International Research Council on the Biomechanics of Injury Conference. Gothenburg, 2013: IRC-13-100.

[9]Good C A, Viano D C, Ronsky J L. Biomechanics of Volunteers Subject to Loading by a Motorized Shoulder Belt Tensioner[J]. Spine, 2008,33(8): 225-235.

[10]Sander U, Mroz K, Bostrm O, et al. The Effect of Pre-pretensioning in Multiple Impact Crashes[C]//The 21st International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles (ESV). Stuttgart, 2009: 98-03333.

[11]Adam T, Untaroiu C D. Identification of Occupant Posture Using a Bayesian Classification Methodology to Reduce the Risk of Injury in a Collision[J]. Transportation Research Part C, 2011,19(6):1078-1094.

[12]Zhang L, Chen L, Vertiz A. Survey of Front Passenger Posture Usage in Passenger Vehicles[J]. SAE Technical Paper, 2004-01-0845.

[13]Fujita K, Fujinami H, Moriizumi K, et al. Development of Pre-crash Safety System[C]//The 18th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles Proceedings. Nagoya, 2003:544-W.

[14]赵福全, 吴成明, 潘之杰, 等. 中国汽车安全技术的现状与展望[J]. 汽车安全与节能学报, 2011, 2(2):111-121.

Zhao Fuquan, Wu Chengming, Pan Zhijie, et al. Status and Propect of Automotive Safety Technology in China[J]. Automotive Safety and Energy, 2011,2(2): 111-121.

[15]Kent R W, Purtsezov S V, Pilkey W D. Limiting Performance Analysis of a Seat Belt System with Slack[J]. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 2007,34(8):1382-1395.