Abstract:  To promote the modernization of the national emergency management systems and capabilities， combined with the current development of maritime emergency rescue capabilities in China， the key issues exposed in some typical maritime emergency rescue cases in recent years were deeply analyzed， and the conclusion that “systematic construction” was the core issue that urgently needed to be strengthened in the construction of Chinese maritime rescue and salvage equipment and technology was pointed out. From the perspective of the land-sea-air-space integrated， aiming at the four major Chinese rescue and salvage missions of life rescue， environmental rescue， property rescue， and emergency rescue and salvage， this paper systematically divided the key equipment technology of maritime rescue and salvage into 7 types according to the dimensions of space-based， air-based， water surface， and underwater. Aiming at the current development of each type of key equipment technology， the Delphi method， brainstorming method and bibliometric method were used to carry out research and judgment on the development of key maritime rescue and salvage equipment and technology. The results of the study selected 13 key equipment technologies that require urgent attention from the 7 categories of key equipment technologies. Meanwhile， the current challenges faced by each key equipment technology were systematically analyzed， and recommendations for the development goals and core construction tasks in the next 5~15 years were given as well. 

Key words:  , marine accident, emergency rescue, rescue and salvage, rescue equipment and technology

摘要： 为推进国家应急管理体系和能力现代化，结合我国水上应急救援能力建设现状，深度剖析近年来一些典型水上应急救援案例暴露出的关键问题，指出“体系建设”是我国应急救援装备技术建设亟待加强的核心问题。从“陆海空天”一体化建设的角度出发，瞄准人命救助、环境救助、财产救助和应急抢险打捞四大使命任务，系统性地将水上应急救援关键装备技术按照天基、空基、水面和水下4个维度划分为7大类型。针对每种类型关键装备技术建设现状及存在的问题，综合采用德尔菲法、头脑风暴法和文献计量法针对性地开展发展趋势研判，从七大类关键装备技术中遴选出13项亟需重点关注的关键装备技术，系统分析了每项关键装备技术当前面临的挑战，给出了其在未来5～15年发展目标和核心建设任务的建议。

关键词: 水上事故, 应急救援, 抢险打捞, 救援装备技术