China Mechanical Engineering ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 2068-2079.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.08.026

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Torque Optimization Distribution Control Strategy for Electric Multi-axle Vehicles Considering the Low Temperature Rise Characteristic Constraint of Motor Rated Torque

ZENG Xinyu1, XU Shiwei1,2(), ZHANG Xiaopeng3, HE Jingjing1, WEI Lulu1, LI Xuebo1   

  1. 1.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi'an,710054
    2.National Engineering Research Center of Electric Vehicles,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing,100081
    3.JIANGLU Machinery Electronics Group Co. ,Ltd. ,Xiangtan,Hunan,411199
  • Received:2025-02-10 Online:2026-08-25 Published:2026-09-17
  • Contact: XU Shiwei

考虑电机额定转矩低温升特性约束的电驱动多轴车辆转矩优化分配控制策略

曾鑫宇1, 许世维1,2(), 张小鹏3, 贺晶晶1, 魏路路1, 李学博1   

  1. 1.西安建筑科技大学机电工程学院, 西安, 710054
    2.北京理工大学电动车辆国家工程研究中心, 北京, 100081
    3.江麓机电集团有限公司, 湘潭, 411199
  • 通讯作者: 许世维
  • 作者简介:曾鑫宇,男,2000年生,硕士研究生。研究方向为智能电驱动车辆技术
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(52002309);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2024JC-YBQN-0483);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2024JC-YBQN-0411)

Abstract:

This paper proposes a torque optimal distribution control strategy for electrically driven multi-axle vehicles, considering the constraints of motor rated torque and low temperature rise characteristics, to address the trade-off between economy and reliability in conventional torque distribution methods. The strategy comprehensively accounts for the efficiency and temperature rise characteristics of the drive motors. A torque distribution correction factor, which is characterized by the motor speed-torque relationship, is incorporated into the optimization objective. The number of active drive axles and the torque of each motor are dynamically optimized to confine the operating torques as close as possible to the rated region, where high efficiency and low heat generation are achieved, thereby realizing an optimal balance between efficiency and temperature rise rate. Hardware-in-the-loop test results indicate that the proposed strategy reduces energy consumption by 11.54% compared with the conventional average torque distribution strategy under CHTC-HT conditions, and the maximum winding temperature of a single motor is reduced by up to 83.4 °C. Bench test results under NEDC_90 conditions show that the battery state of charge (SOC) at the end of the cycle is increased by 4.5% using the proposed strategy, and the winding temperatures of axles 1 to 4 are reduced by 3.7 to 78.6 °C. The proposed control strategy effectively improves both the economy and reliability of multi-axle vehicles.

Key words: multi-axle vehicle, electric drive system, torque distribution, motor temperature rise, motor efficiency

摘要:

针对当前电驱动多轴车辆转矩分配难以兼顾经济性和可靠性的问题,提出一种考虑电机额定转矩低温升特性约束的电驱动多轴车辆转矩优化分配控制策略。该策略综合考虑驱动电机效率与温升特性,将电机转速-转矩关系表征的转矩分配修正因子引入优化目标,通过动态优化车辆驱动轴数和电机转矩,将电机工作转矩尽量约束在额定附近的高效率、低发热区域,实现效率与温升速率的最优平衡。硬件在环结果表明,CHTC-HT工况下所提转矩优化分配控制策略较传统的转矩平均分配控制策略能耗降低11.54%,单个电机绕组最高温度最多降低83.4 ℃;台架试验结果表明,NEDC_90工况下使用所提控制策略工况终点电池SOC值提高4.5%,1至4轴电机绕组温度降低3.7~78.6 ℃。该控制策略有效提高了多轴车辆的经济性和可靠性。

关键词: 多轴车辆, 电驱动系统, 转矩分配, 电机温升, 电机效率

CLC Number: