Surface Region Division of Cylinder Liner Based on Friction State

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-132X.2026.07.009

Abstract

Abstract:

To effectively distinguish the lubrication states of the cylinder liner–piston ring system， equivalent friction tests were conducted on a YTRC2110D diesel engine. The variation of the friction coefficient along different positions of the cylinder liner was analyzed. The critical positions corresponding to different lubrication regimes were identified， and zonal division was performed accordingly. The effect of zonal composite lubrication structures was then investigated. The results indicate that the regions near the top dead center and bottom dead center are in boundary lubrication， where the sin-etextured composite structure exhibits the best friction-reducing performance. The middle region is characterized by hydrodynamic lubrication， where a multi-stage structure yields the lowest friction coefficient. The transition region operates under mixed lubrication， and the maximum friction coefficient reduction rate of 53.66% is achieved by the composite structure combining sine-texture filling and circular texture.

Key words: lubrication condition, critical position, surface zoning, composite lubrication structure

摘要：

为有效划分缸套-活塞环润滑状态，以YTRC2110D柴油机为对象开展等效摩擦试验，分析了缸套不同位置摩擦因数的变化规律，确定了不同润滑状态的临界位置并进行区域划分，探究了分区复合润滑结构的影响。研究发现：上下止点附近区域的润滑状态为边界润滑，正弦填充复合润滑结构在边界区域的减摩效果最佳；中间区域的润滑状态为流体润滑，多级润滑结构的摩擦因数最小；过渡区的润滑状态为混合润滑，正弦织构填充与圆织构复合润滑结构摩擦因数的最大减小值为53.66%。

关键词: 缸套, 润滑状态, 临界位置, 区域划分, 复合润滑结构

CLC Number:

TH117

FAN Yujie, HAO Mengjie, DU Yuchen, LIU Fanghua, XIA Jing, XU Chengcheng, LI Bin. Surface Region Division of Cylinder Liner Based on Friction State[J]. China Mechanical Engineering, 2026, 37(7): 1603-1613.

樊玉杰, 郝梦杰, 杜宇辰, 刘芳华, 夏晶, 许成成, 李彬. 基于摩擦状态的缸套表面区域划分[J]. 中国机械工程, 2026, 37(7): 1603-1613.

Figures/Tables 21

Fig.1 The correlation between the velocity of the piston work stroke and the alignment accuracy of the cylinder liner

Fig.2 Radial forces acting on the cylinder liner and piston ring

Fig.3 The correlation between the radial load and position of the cylinder liner

Fig.4 Relationship between cylinder liner temperature and position

Fig.5 Principles and samples of the FTM M30 friction testing machine

Tab.1 Testing conditions for friction analysis

分组	曲柄角度/ （°）	缸套位置/ mm	滑动速度/ （m·s^-1）	载荷/MPa	温度1/℃	温度2/℃
1	362.8	0.1	0.5	6.1	303.5	20
2	369.3	1.1	1.0	6.0	286.2	20
3	372.9	2.1	1.4	5.6	278.0	20
4	374.4	2.6	2.0	5.2	274.9	20
5	378.2	4.1	3.0	4.1	267.6	20
6	382.9	6.5	4.0	3.2	259.4	20
7	383.7	6.9	4.2	3.1	258.3	20
8	384.4	7.3	4.9	2.5	257.3	20
9	385.4	7.9	5.2	2.4	255.8	20
10	386.5	8.6	5.4	2.2	254.2	20
11	512.7	120.2	2.7	0.8	213.4	20
12	516.8	120.5	2.5	0.8	213.4	20
13	520.5	121.1	2.2	0.8	213.4	20
14	521.4	121.5	2.0	0.8	213.4	20
15	522.8	122.5	1.5	0.8	213.4	20
16	523.3	123.2	1.2	0.8	213.4	20
17	524.7	123.5	1.0	0.8	213.4	20
18	525.2	123.6	0.9	0.8	213.4	20
19	525.8	123.7	0.7	0.8	213.4	20
20	526.9	123.9	0.5	0.8	213.4	20

Fig.6 Lubricating structure specimen

Fig.7 Parameters for multi-stage lubrication structure in lubrication areas

Fig.8 The curve representing the friction coefficient of a smooth liner surface over time

Fig.9 The average friction coefficient of smooth cylinder liner surface varies with the position of cylinder liner

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of lubrication state division in the axial region of a smooth cylinder line

Tab.2 The smooth cylinder liner exhibits uniform regional conditions and optimal lubrication status

工况	摩擦状态区域	位置区域/mm	平均摩擦因数	面积占比/%	速度/（m·s^-1）	载荷/MPa	温度/℃
常温	边界润滑区域（BLR）	0~2.1	0.153~0.097	2.80	0.5~1.4	6.1~5.6	20
	边界润滑区域（BLR）	123.6~125	0.102~0.136	2.80	1~0.5	0.8	20
	混合润滑区域（MLZ）	2.1~6.5	0.097~0.032	5.52	1.4~4	5.6~3.2	20
	混合润滑区域（MLZ）	121.1~123.6	0.056~0.102	5.52	2.2~0.9	0.8	20
	流体润滑区域（HLA）	6.5~121.1	0.032~0.051	91.68	4.2~2.2	3.2~0.8	20
高温	边界润滑区域（BLR）	0~2.6	0.183~0.092	3.52	0.5~2.0	6.1~5.2	303.1~274.9
	边界润滑区域（BLR）	123.2~125	0.098~0.151	3.52	1.2~0.5	0.8	213.4
	混合润滑区域（MLZ）	2.6~7.9	0.092~0.033	6.40	2.0~5.2	5.2~2.4	274.9~255.8
	混合润滑区域（MLZ）	120.5~123.2	0.062~0.098	6.40	2.5~1.2	0.8	213.4
	流体润滑区域（HLA）	7.9~120.5	0.033~0.062	90.08	5.2~2.5	2.4~0.8	255.8~213.4

Fig.11 The time variation curve of the friction coefficient at room temperature under boundary lubrication conditions

Fig.12 Time variation curve of friction coefficient at high temperature under boundary lubrication condition

Fig.13 Variation curve of average friction coefficient under boundary lubrication condition

Fig.14 Time variation curve of friction coefficient at room temperature under mixed lubrication condition

Fig.15 Variation of the high-temperature friction coefficient over time under mixed lubrication conditions

Fig.16 Variation curve of average friction coefficient under mixed lubrication conditions

Fig.17 Curves of friction coefficient-time at room temperature under fluid lubrication

Fig.18 Curve of high-temperature friction coefficient with time under fluid lubrication condition

Fig.19 Variation curve of average friction coefficient under fluid lubrication

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