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Table of Content

    25 October 2014, Volume 25 Issue 20
    Precision Analysis and Layout Rules of Surveying Control Network for Aircraft Assembly
    Zhu Yongguo, Huang Xiang, Li Shuanggao, Yang Guowei
    2014, 25(20):  2699-2704. 
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    High precision surveying control network was presented for meeting the large space, high precision and dispersed point's requirements of an aircraft assembly. A surveying control network was constructed with the public points which were long term laid out on the ground of the assembly plant by tracker laser. Using the public points, the global coordinate system of the aircraft assemble was built. Combining the approximate coordinate transformation and least square principle, the formula of surveying control network errors was derived. Combining the 2-norm method and inequality transform, the relationship between the public point errors and surveying control network was studied and the transfer coefficients of point errors were concluded. Using the normal equation and positive matrix, the relationship between the point number and the surveying control network precision was determined. Finally, layout rules of the surveying control  network were proposed.

    Research on Abrasive Accommodate-sinking Effect of Cluster MR-effect Polishing Pad
    Bai Zhenwei, Yan Qiusheng, Lu Jiabin, Xu Xipeng
    2014, 25(20):  2705-2710. 
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    A viscoelastic cluster MR-effect polishing pad between the surface of polishing plate and workpiece was formed to ultra-precision polish. Polishing pad had an accommodate-sinking effect on abrasive grains in polishing process. Modeling and mechanism of accommodate-sinking effect on abrasives were investigated. Experiments of polishing K9 glass and single crystal silicon were conducted based on MR fluid with adding large abrasive grains, and the surface roughness and micrograph of  the workpieces being machined were investigated. It is found that polished surface based on the fluid mixed 1.8μm diamond into 0.6μm diamond is better than that based on the fluid of uniform 1.1μm diamond. The surface roughness and micrograph of the workpieces demonstrate that the abrasive of accommodate-sinking effect is prominent and it can reduce or eliminate the machined surface defects caused by non-uniformity of abrasive size.

    Problems and Improvement of D-H Method for Establishing Connecting Rod Coordinate System
    Guo Fayong, Mei Tao, Zhao Jianghai
    2014, 25(20):  2710-2714. 
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    Robot kinematics modeling needs clear physical concepts. Widely used standard D-H method allowed the coordinate system to establish on the extension of axis, leading to the problems such as inapplicability for all the joints modeling, the model unmatching the entity and wrong local joint position analysis, etc. In order to get unified, intuitive and accurate modeling method, a unified entity modeling method, the coordinate system fixed on the entity of D-H notation(CFDH)  was presented. How to establish the coordinate system with CFDH and the method to obtain the parameters were illustrated; a six DOF mechanical arm model was built using the D-H and CFDH method respectively, and Newton-Raphson inverse solution was used for the two methods, then comparing with the computational complexity. Simulation and experimental results show that CFDH method meets the requirements of robot kinematics model, solved the problems exiting in D-H method.

    Research on Thermodynamics of Scroll Air Compressor with Asynchronous Discharge of Symmetric Chambers
    Wang Junting, Liu Guoping, Yu Tingfang, Xiao Genfu, Song Honggun
    2014, 25(20):  2715-2718. 
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    To find out the thermodynamic characteristics of an air scroll compressor with asynchronous discharge of symmetric chambers, thermodynamic calculation was combined with geometry characteristics. For avoiding the amplification of calculation errors when the discharge volume was tiny, the thermodynamic process was divided into two stages: the air pressure in two discharge chamber equal or not. The calculation methods of the corresponding mass and discharge temperature were established, the calculation results have a good agreement with the experimental results. The curve of pressure and temperature was analyzed in a compression run.

    A Double-Foot Driving Linear Piezoelectric Motor
    Li Hailin, Wang Yin, Huang Weiqing, Liang Yu
    2014, 25(20):  2719-2723. 
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    In order to develop high precision, large travel, heavy thrust linear piezoelectric motor, a marching type linear piezoelectric motor was proposed based on the piezoelectric stack. The operating principles of the motor were presented, the structure of the motor was designed, a prototype was made and the experimental study was proceeded. The experimental results show that within a certain range of frequency the amplitude of the motor's stator driving foot is linear to the driving voltage, and the maximum amplitude is as 2.9μm. The maximum non-load velocity of the motor is as 796μm/s, the maximum thrust force of the motor is as 4.8N. The expected design objectives are obtained successfully.

    Study on Throttle Speed Control Hydraulic System's Dynamic Characteristics
    Yang Hongyan, Cui Zhaoxia
    2014, 25(20):  2724-2728,2739. 
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    In order to study transient characteristics in throttle speed control system under different working conditions, the inlet and outlet systems were studied numerically and experimentally. A dynamics model coupling fluid flow with the force in various components was developed. The effects of cross-sectional area At, load F and bulk modulus of elasticity E on dynamic characteristics of the throttle speed control system were analyzed by simulation. Dynamic response characteristics of the inlet and outlet systems were discussed. The research methods provide a reference for the correct  parameter selection of the speed control system in the hydraulic system design.

    Tolerance Allocation of a Helical Milling Spindle Unit
    Wang Haiyan, Qin Xuda
    2014, 25(20):  2729-2734. 
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    In order to improve the whole accuracy of the spindle unit, tolerance allocation for individual key components of the spindle unit was carried out in the early design stage. The main influence factors on the final tolerance of the holes were presented through sensitivity analysis. Tolerance allocation model was established,using the improved statistical tolerance analysis method and GA, the weight coefficient and accuracy storage coefficient were thought out in statistical model. Improved statistical method and GA were all used to allocate the tolerance of the components in the spindle unit design stage with the consideration of the orientation and position errors of the tool tip.

    A Study of Addendum Rotational Indexing-Chamfering Technology for Spiral Bevel Gears
    Li Jia, Shi Jiang, Chen Xinchun
    2014, 25(20):  2734-2739. 
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    According to the problem that the processing of spiral bevel gears addendum chamfering in the practice production mainly relied on workers to complete with grinding wheel, a rotational indexing-chamfering machining method was proposed. First the theory of rotational indexing-chamfering was given. Then guided by the rotational indexing-chamfering machining principles, the generation rule of theory and actual center trajectory of grinding wheel was designed, and the calculation method was given. On the basis of that,an approximation model of the error between theory and actual center trajectory of grinding wheel was established, the effects of each parameter on approximation error rule were analyzed, then optimization of center trajectory of grinding wheel was obtained. The feasibility of the machining method was proven by a specific calculation example.

    Research on Thermal Mechanical Coupling Temperature Field and Stress Field of Multiplate Wet Clutch Steel Disc
    Yang Yalian, Zhang Ka, Qin Datong
    2014, 25(20):  2740-2744,2781. 
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    A three dimensional finite element modeling model of a friction pair was built. Based on equations of heatflow rate, heat conduction, heat convection and thermal mechanical coupling, the boundary conditions were set up, and the temperature field and stress field distribution of the multiplate wet clutch steel disc were studied under different radius, different engaging time and times. The investigation results will lay a foundation for further thermal manage and structure optimization of multiplate wet clutch.

    Partner Selection in a Virtual Enterprise Based on Vague Sets under Fuzzy Environments
    Huang Bin, Yu Guojie, Peng Yuhui, Chen Liang
    2014, 25(20):  2745-2750. 
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    To solve the partner selection problem with fuzzy completion time and due date in a virtual enterprise, a new method based on Vague sets was proposed. Based on the concept of delivery time satisfiability degree, the formulated partner selection problem was interpreted so as to maximize the delivery time satisfiability degree index. The model took into account the factors of delivery time satisfiability degree, cost and the precedence of tasks. Standard particle swarm optimization(PSO) algorithm was easily trapped in local optimum, so chaotic searching behavior was incorporated into standard PSO algorithm and a CPSO algorithm was proposed to solve the problem. The simulation of an example demonstrates that the local searching capability of the CPSO algorithm is much better than that of standard PSO  algorithm.

    Dynamic Manufacturing Cloud Service Selection Algorithm Based on MapReduce and Multi-objective Ant Colony Optimization
    Ni Zhiwei, Wang Huiying, Wu Hao,
    2014, 25(20):  2751-2760. 
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    Cloud computing technology and service technology were applied to study the dynamic cloud service selection problem and a hierarchical model of cloud manufacturing service and dynamic cloud service selection algorithm(CSSMA) were presented based on MapReduce and multi-objective ant colony optimization. Multi-objective ant colony optimization, Map and Reduce function, and optimization strategies were employed in CSSMA. CSSMA run parallel distributed in the manufacturing cloud platform. The outcome of the simulation experiments shows that CSSMA performes favorable capabilities in solving dynamic cloud service selection; it also demonstrates the proposed algorithm has good ability in processing large scale problems.

    Key Techniques of Production Process Optimization in Manufacturing Shop Oriented to Bottleneck Shifting
    Tang Juan, Liu Zhi, Gong Bengang, Fei Zhimin
    2014, 25(20):  2761-2768. 
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    Aiming at the problem that the optimal system performance could not be achieved by using the decision of production process optimization, which was resulted from the passive response to changes of bottleneck,an optimization method of production process oriented to bottleneck shifting was constructed and its key techniques were studied to realize initiative, global superiority and timeliness of optimization. Firstly, the optimization procedure of production process was  established, which contained determination of optimum bottleneck position, bottleneck prediction, combinatorial optimization of bottleneck shifting factors and optimization of scheduling. Secondly, taking system global benefit maximization as the goal, a modeling and simulation technology-Flexsim was used to determine the optimum bottleneck position, which could provide basis for a combinatorial optimization of bottleneck shifting factors. Based on analyzing importance of bottleneck factors, a combinatorial optimization method of bottleneck shifting factors oriented to optimum bottleneck location was established, which could make bottleneck fixed in the best location under the relative balance conditions between manufacturing unit's capacity and load. A mathematical model of balance global benefit was built to measure impact of bottleneck shifting, and then the driving mechanism of production scheduling was constructed to determine the best scheduling time, and the unnecessary optimization process of scheduling was filtered and the stability of system was improved. Finally, the method is proved to be effective by optimizing assembly process of one vehicle parts.

    Leakage Compensation for Large Die Forging Press under Ultra-low Velocity
    Huang Minghui, Song Wenju, Li Yibo, Pan Qing
    2014, 25(20):  2769-2774. 
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    Leakage of hydraulic system will affect the stability of die forging press under ultra-low velocity in the isothermal forging process. Aiming at this problem, the co-simulation model considering the leakage of the system and hydraulic control system of the die forging press nder ultra-low velocity was established based on the AMESim and Matlab/Simulink software platform. And the availability and accuracy of the simulation model was proven by experiments. The effects of leakage on the ultra-low velocity performance of the system were analyzed, and then the conventional PID leakage compensation control method and the compound compensation control strategy based on PID were proposed. And the validity of the two kind of methods of compensation was investigated. Simulation results show that the compound compensation control method based on PID is better than the conventional PID leakage compensation control scheme, the overshoot is reduced to 3.4%, and the maximum steady-state error of the system is decreased to 0.686%.

    Position Control of Hydraulic Cylinder Controlled by High-speed On-off Valve
    Gao Qinhe, Liu Zhihao, Niu Hailong, Tang Yuanli
    2014, 25(20):  2775-2781. 
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    A strategy combined the PWM with pulse frequency modulation(PFM) was proposed to compensate the dead and saturated zones of a high-speed on-off valve, and linearized the flow of hign-speed on-off valve, which was on the groundwork of the analysis of the flow characteristic of high-speed on-off valve. A compound algorithm of fuzzy & feedforward-feedback was put forward to realize the precise position control, which could be considered as the duty cycle was given ahead, and the fuzzy algorithm was designed and utilized to deal with the position errors by adjusting frequency and duty cycle of the high-speed on-off valve. The mathematical models of the force balance and the flow continuously equation were analyzed and simulated with Simulink using the finite chamber method. The hydraulic loop was established to verify the simulation results with FESTO. The simulation and experimental results show that the compound algorithm of fuzzy & feedforward-feedback and the control method of PWM and PFM can realize the precise position control effectively, and the position errors can be limited within -0.3~0.3mm.

    Research on Dynamics Performance of Permanent Magnet Suspension System with Variable Magnetic Circuit
    Sun Xingwei, Lu Yingyuan, Sun Feng, Jin Junjie, Wang Ke
    2014, 25(20):  2782-2787. 
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    This paper proposed a magnet suspension system with variable magnetic circuit, which was composed of a servo motor, a radial magnetized disk permanent magnets and a pair of magnetizers. The suspension force was provided by the permanent magnet in the system, the servo motor drove the disk permanent magnet rotation, changed the magnetic flux flowing through the suspended object, then realized the real time control of suspension force. The suspension system could realize zero attractive force for avoiding the disadvantages of touching attraction; could achieve zero-power suspension in the stable suspension state for save-energy suspension; could change the magnetic poles for realizing multi-degree suspension system, the system's magnetic flux leakage features were considered, the system's  parameterized model was set up, the dynamics and control characteristics of this system were analyzed. Finally, the suspension characteristics were analyzed using numerical simulation, and the results show that the system can realize stable suspension under certain disturbances, and possess ideal time-domain and frequency-domain response  characteristics.

    Study on Integrated Control of Vehicle Stability System and Four Wheel Steering System
    Song Yu, Chen Wuwei, Chen Liqing,
    2014, 25(20):  2788-2794. 
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    This paper built a vehicle virtual prototype model with ADAMS/Car, the vehicle model had the ability of four wheel independent braking and four wheel steering. Based on the vehicle stability system and four wheel steering system, a kind of hierarchical integrated control system was designed,which consisted of upper controller and lower subsystem controller. The lower subsystem controller included the vehicle stability control subsystem and four-wheel steering control subsystem. The vehicle stability control subsystem took the target yaw-rate as control target, and the four-wheel steering control subsystem took the body mass center zero side angle as control target. The upper controller was  a system management controller based on the rules which considered the mutual coupling factors among  subsystems, coordinated the relationship among the subsystems. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the hierarchical integrated control system has a better performance on improving the vehicle's stability and safety, its performance is better than that of the single control and superposition control and the simulation conclusions provide a reference for practical applications of the integrated control in vehicle engineering.

    Parametric of Skin-frame Lattice Structures and Mechanics Optimization Analysis
    Zhong Liangwei, Li Xiaowei
    2014, 25(20):  2795-2800. 
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    To address the complexity in the parametric topological design of lattice material structures, this paper established a modeling method based on cell structure of the topology, and built the system for specimen's parametric modeling and its mechanical properties' optimization. The skin thickness and the pillar section radius of the specimen composed of typical unit cell were treated as optimal parameters while the mass, deformation and stress of the specimen were set as the optimal objectives. Lattice structure material with lightweight and high strength plus good mechanical properties could then be obtained while subjected to the compression, bending, and torsional load. The findings of the comparative study data of the mechanics performance were obtained for various unit cells, providing the support for the skin-frame lattice material design and optimization analysis under disparate loading conditions. The way is demonstrated to be correctness and reliability with the results.
     

    Inverse Determination of High-Strength Steel Parameters Based on RBF-HDMR Metamodel Technique
    Yin Weiyang, Wang Hu, Feng Hui, Li Enying, Tang Long
    2014, 25(20):  2801-2805. 
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    The RBF(radial basis function) HDMR metomodel technique was applied to the Johnson-Cook(JC) parameter inverse determination of a high-strength steel DP600. On the basis of the displacement-time curve measured during the experiments, the metamodel was established, which took the errors between simulation results and test data as the target outputs while took the parameters as the design variables. Combined with genetic algorithm(GA), JC model parameters of DP600 was inversely determined by using the metamodel, and the prediction based on the parameters shows high degree of consensus with the test results.

    Fatigue Performance and Fatigue Life Prediction of Aluminum Resistance Spot Welded Tensile Shear Specimen
    Shi Yandong, Guo Haiding
    2014, 25(20):  2806-2810. 
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    Fatigue performance of spot welds of aluminum alloy AA5754 was investigated experimentally herein. Fatigue failure mode of spot welded tensile shear specimen was discussed and fatigue crack growth path was also explored. Theoretical crack growth angle was determined for tensile shear specimen, which was under mix mode I/II loading, and results were verified by measured angles of failed specimens. Local stress intensity factor at nugget circumference was derived, modified by actual fatigue crack length in sheet thickness and treated as a fatigue parameter K(i) in fatigue data correlation. The proposed fatigue delete parameter is proven efficient in correlating fatigue data and can be used for fatigue life prediction of aluminum resistance spot welds.

    Study on Stamping Formability of Third Generation HSS QP980 for Vehicle Car Body Applications 
    Zheng Debing, Liu Yifan, Wu Chunming, Yu Huanqing
    2014, 25(20):  2810-2813. 
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    QP steel is a kind of the third generation HSS with high strength and high plasticity. In order to find out QP980 stamping forming ability, the FEM analysis combined with physical tooling validation was applied. Then comparison with the other four kinds of high strength steel(CR340,DP600,DP800 and DP1000)  was made. It is found that QP980 has higher strength than that of DP1000 and with better formability than that of DP600. Applications of  the third generation QP steel can solve the issues of complicated shape parts with high strength, for car safety and lightweight it has great application values.

    Design of Modified Variable Steering Ratio Curve for Active Front Steering System
    Zhou Bing, Fan Lu , Lü Xuning
    2014, 25(20):  2813-2818. 
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    Based on the fitting variable steering ratio curve, an adaptive modified variable steering ratio curve was proposed to enhance the stability on low friction coefficient roads. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink show the effectiveness of proposed modified variable steering ratio curve. Specifically, when online estimated friction coefficient decreases, vehicle target yaw rate decreases accordingly, thereby improving driving stability and safety on slippery roads.

    Analysis and Optimization of Ride Comfort of Electric Wheel Dump Truck Based on a Rigid-flexible Coupling Model
    Wu Wenguang, Gu Zhengqi, Mi Chengji
    2014, 25(20):  2819-2824. 
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    In order to evaluate and optimize the ride comfort of the dump truck, this paper presented a domestic large-scale electric wheel dump truck ride comfort test, in an open pit mine, and the vibration acceleration of the position such as the deck and the chair etc. were obtained. The results show that the ride is poorer, and should be optimized. In order to improve the model's accuracy, a coupled multi-body dynamics model of this truck was built, containing flexible main-frame, and model were verified by the test data. The results show that the precision is increased by 11.5% than that from pure rigid body dynamics model. According to the characteristics of the nonlinear hydro-pneumatic suspension, using the hydro-pneumatic suspension parameters as the design variables, and using the ride comfort evaluation value as objective function, an approximate surrogate model of ride comfort was built, the Pointer algorithm was adopted to ride comfort optimization, the results show that the ride comfort of the truck improves by 27% after optimization.

    Parking Slot Marking Recognition Algorithm Based on Vision
    Bai Zhonghao, Zhou Peiyi, Wang Feihu
    2014, 25(20):  2825-2829. 
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    An algorithm was proposed herein for an automatic parking system, which used vision for recognition of parking slot marking. Pyramid hierarchical search strategy was adopted. First, image binarization was carried out by applying K means clustering to the intensity histogram and skeleton of parking slot marking was extracted. Parking space corner candidate point was determined in high-level pyramid image using Hough transform to detect skeleton and skeleton clustered using unsupervised cluster based on density. Then, region of interest was seleted in lowest-level pyramid image and skeleton was extracted using improved distance transform-based skeleton extraction algorithm. Skeleton of parking space corner was matched using genetic algorithm and target parking space was determined according to characteristics of  actual parking space. Lastly, the effectiveness and rapidity of the proposed algorithm was verified by collecting many parking space images in the outdoor environment. Experimental results demonstrate that computation is small and parking recognition accuracy is as 98% using the proposed algorithm.

    Simulation Method for Vibration Isolation Performance of Vehicle Powertrain Mounting System
    Chen Ke, Lü Pin
    2014, 25(20):  2830-2834. 
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    The properties of vehicle's noise vibration harshness(NVH)  was affected by the vibration isolation of powertrain mount system. Using the mechanism of vibration isolation to conclude the vibration transmitting rate expression which was  defined by RMS; based on the mechanism of double layer vibration isolation,a 6-DOF model of a powertrain mounting system and a 12-DOF full vehicle model including the car frame were built respectively, the inherent characteristics and  frequency response of the two models were compared by the simulation analysis; and under the idling conditions, acceleration response of the powertrain mounting system was studied; the vibration transmitting rate curve of the mounting points was obtained eventually. The results show that the full vehicle model can response the vibration characteristics of a powertrain mounting model and get the vehicle's vibration isolation transmitting rate at the same time.

    Analysis and Design of Torsion Beam Suspension Based on Genetic Algorithm Multi-objective Optimization
    Zhao Liang, Yan Haijun
    2014, 25(20):  2835-2839. 
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    Through the derivation of torsion beam shear center, a twist beam rear suspension equivalent kinematics model was established under the conditions of roll case, and then the changing relationship among toe angle, wheel track and roll center with the wheel travel in rolling motion could be easily obtained based on this model. Taking the location of beam and center of bushing as design variables, using multi-objective genetic algorithm, an optimization was applied to the variation of toe angle, tire side slip and static roll center height during suspension bouncing, then all the non dominated solutions could be worked out at one time. The suitable suspension roll kinematics characteristics could be chosen from the obtained Pareto solution of the boundary according to the demands, which can be used to guide the design of torsion beam suspension and greatly improve the torsion beam suspension design efficiency.