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Table of Content

    25 September 2011, Volume 22 Issue 18
    Self-adaptive Method of Selecting Natural Coordinates in Kinetic Simulation of Multibody Systems
    ZHANG Ge-Wei, WANG Bei-Xin, HUANG Yu-Ying, ZHANG Yun-Qing, CHEN Li-Beng
    2011, 22(18):  2143-2147. 
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    A self-adaptation method for natural-coordinate systems was proposed, in order to select natural coordinates automatically for each rigid elements of a multibody system.A four-step method includes:first, find out all empty positions, which come from the feature points or vectors of the joints attached to an element, and give equal weight to them; second, delete redundant empty positions and add their weight to the unique one; third, select at most four empty positions which have a maximum total weight and can be occupied by a natural-coordinate system at the same time; fourth, the standard natural-coordinate system on the element can adapt itself to the selected empty positions,leading to an actual natural-coordinate system, which contains twelve rational natural coordinates for the element. The implementation of the method was achieved on a multibody dynamics and motion analysis platform, InteDyna, resulting in modelling efficiency enhanced and model quality improved.
    Strain Calculation and Experimental Test for Double-S Curved Structure
    LU Jian-Wu, SONG Yun-Chao, XI Wei-Bin, XU Wei-Wei
    2011, 22(18):  2148-2151. 
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    The double-S curved structure is a critical part in the ITER(international thermal-nuclear experimental reactor) feeder system, which will be responsible for absorbing the displacement deformation
    from the busbar caused by the thermal contract during the cooling process.The distribution of axial force, bending moment and strain along axial direction in this structure were calculated using an unit force method which was based on the energy principle. This could help to study the deformation of a double-S curved structure under certain displacement loading. The simulation and experiment were carried out. The calculated strains is very close to the simulated values or the experimental ones. It is shown that this method used to calculate the distribution of axial force, bending moment and strain in similar structure is feasible, and the calculated results are highly accurate.
    Study on Dynamics Modeling and Singular Perturbation Control of Free-floating Space Robot with Flexible Joints
    CHEN Zhi-Yong, CHEN Li
    2011, 22(18):  2151-2155. 
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    The dynamic modeling and singular perturbation control problems of free-floating space robot with normal flexible joints and an uncontrolled base were discussed.With the relationship of the system linear and angular momentum conservation,a system dynamics model was established by Lagrangian formulation.To eliminate the limitation of joint flexibility for applications of the traditional singular perturbation control technique in space robot with normal flexible joints,a joint flexibility compensator was introduced,which can level down the equivalent joint flexibility of the system.And then with the help of singular perturbation theory,the singular perturbation control schemes for free-floating space robot with flexible joints to track the desired trajectory in joint space and inertial space were designed successively.The control schemes presented are more suitable for the control of space robot systems with normal flexible joints, because of no joint flexibility limitation.Theoretical analysis and simulation results verify the feasibility of the proposed control schemes.
    Design of Parallel Computing Architecture for Multi-axis Ultra-precise Synchronous Motion Control
    CHENG Xin-1, 2, ZHOU Yun-Fei-1
    2011, 22(18):  2156-2162. 
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    Towards the requirements of ultra-precise synchronous motion control in stage application, a design for parallel computing architecture for multi-axis synchronous motion was proposed. This paper introduced hierarchical structure of the motion control system, and defined an internal bus protocol to implement high performance data transmission network among multiple motion controllers, in which stable bandwidth and precise transmission latency were achieved. According to the characteristics of synchronous motion of the stages,strict parallel cycle plan and synchronization mechanism were designed to implement synchronization of distributed algorithms for multi-axis motion control. Experimental results show the validity of parallel computing architecture.
    Product Disassembly Sequence Planning Based on Greedy Algorithm 
    LIU Zhi-Feng, HU Di, GAO Xiang, ZHANG Jing-Dong
    2011, 22(18):  2162-2166. 
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    By analyzing the uncertainty of product disassemble process,a product disassembly sequence planning was mapped into a problem which can be solved by greedy algorithm. Using minimum tool change frequency as evaluating indicator,the greedy criterion for the product disassembly sequence planning adjustment using greedy algorithm was given and the product disassembly sequence planning adjustment process was finally shown.A simplified computer mainframe box disassemble example was given to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
    Research on Vehicle-mounted Snow-remover & Deicer for Trees Based on TRIZ
    LIU Jiang-Na, DIAO Shi-Xiong, LIU Qiu-Beng
    2011, 22(18):  2167-2170. 
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    According to the function module of a vehicle-mounted snow-remover & deicer for trees, technical contradictions and physical contradictions were analyzed based on the theory of TRIZ.The technical contradictions of adaptability and the physical contradictions of punching force were described by using some general characteristics of TRIZ. The contradiction matrices were established to find the innovation principles in order to look for the directions of creative thinking in design. By utilizing knowledge of mechanical engineering and experiences during design process, new ideas for domain solutions were generated. At last, the special solutions to the contradictions in snow-remover & deicer for trees were found.
    Research on Design Methods Concerning Drive at Center of Gravity Feed Principle and Its Application in Development of High Performance Machine Tools
    GUAN Xiao-Yong-1, LIU Chun-Shi-1, XU Zhi-Xiang-2, LI Yan-1
    2011, 22(18):  2170-2174. 
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    It is clarified that twin drive system is not exclusively optimum for solving the application of DCG(drive at center of gravity), and that Steiner distance can be reduced or even deleted by the choice of driving force direction,the rational weight distribution of some components, etc. According to this, single drive system was introduced as a valuable supplement for the machine design based on DCG. Lastly these opinions were proved to be reasonable by accuracy evaluation for a die and mould machining center using single drive system.
    Research on Gearbox State Recognition Based on Hierarchical Hidden Markov Model
    TENG Gong-Zhi-1, 2, GU Xi-Qing-1, DIAO Jian-Min-1, ZHANG Xing-Hui-1, WANG Zheng-Jun-1, GE Jia-You-2
    2011, 22(18):  2175-2181. 
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    HHMM has many advantages for state recognition and more accurately calculates recognition results in the form of probability, in comparison with traditional hidden Markov model(HMM).Model parameters increased exponentially with the increasing equipment state.In view of this,dynamic Bayesian network was introduced,which can effectively reduce the computational complexity and decrease the inference time. Accordingly, HHMM was expressed as dynamic Bayesian network, which identified
    health status by utilizing vibration signals of pretreatment. In order to avoid the limitations of the current state classifications,the optimization of the condition numbers was proposed,on the basis of combination of K-means algorithm and cross-validation.It also investigated the basic framework for HHMM state recognition and calculation process based on full life test for gearbox, which provides a new way for state recognition of complex equipment.
    Design and Trial of MW Wind Turbine Blade Static Loading Control System
    ZHANG Lei-An, WU Jian-Zhong, CHEN Zhou-Quan, WANG Wei-Da
    2011, 22(18):  2182-2185,2208. 
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    A MW wind turbine static loading control system was designed and elaborating on the principles and the structure of the loading bench. The least square method was used to fit the data from the directions and improved the data precision. A distributed loading detection and control system were constructed based on controller area network. The coupling among the multivariable loading system can be treated as the disturbances on single loop. A simple static loading model was built based on AMESim and Matlab/Simulink softwares and the MFAC algorithm was used to the tract decoupling control of static loading trial firstly. The simulation results show that MFAC algorithm can reduce the tract coupling and make the tract error less than 2.0% F.S under the condition of variable stiffness and variable damping. Trial shows that it can make the large blade load steady and coordinate, at the same time, loading precision is superior to 1.0%F.S in particular stage. The static loading bench is consistent with the MW wind turbine blade static loading test requirements fully.
    Research on a New Type Wobble Piston Oil-free Air Compressor
    GENG Ai-Nong-1, GENG Kui-Hua-2, LI Xin-Mei-1, CHEN Jun-Li-3, RUAN Qi-Jiang-3
    2011, 22(18):  2186-2190,2202. 
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    This paper proposed a new type wobble piston oil-free air compressor, in which the side gap between piston and cylinder, formed by the piston swing to the cylinder, was used as inlet port for the compressor and the cavity of crankcase was used as the intake silencer.The new compressor has abandoned damageable part suction reed valve and expanded the volume of the intake muffler, so that the compressor has increased trouble-free working life by about 11% and reduced noise by about 5-6dB(A),compared with traditional models.The results show that when the cylinder offsets appropriately toward compression stroke side, and supplement the larger values of crank radius-connecting rod length ratio λ at the same time, suction can be realized through the side gap,thus ensuring the tightness of the seal ring toward the cylinder on the compression stroke and reducing the volume of the compressor. However, in order to decrease the impact strength of the piston to the cylinder, it is necessary to set a buffer device,and to strengthen the cooling and insulating for connecting rod to reduce the temperature rise of bearing.
    Integrated Framework for Tube Digital Manufacturing
    GAO Zhan-De, TANG Cheng-Tong, GU Mei-Hui
    2011, 22(18):  2191-2194. 
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    Since the traditional tube bending method can't meet the timing demand of aviation technology,a tube digital manufacturing method was put forward. Based on the requirement analyses of digital manufacturing,a functional model and the integrated framework of tube digital manufacturing were proposed,the critical technologies were studied,such as knowledge based process planning,quality forecasting based on numerical modeling and simulation,fast modeling and simulation of tube bending processes.According to the framework,a tube manufacturing system integrated with process design,quality forecasting and tube bending simulation for bending processes was developed.The system was applied to a few products in one aerospace factory and the application effect is distinct. 
    A Discrete Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm for Lot-streaming Flow Shop Scheduling Problem
    SANG Gong-Yan-1, 2, GAO Liang-1, LI Xin-Yu-1
    2011, 22(18):  2195-2202. 
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    A discrete artificial bee colony(DABC) algorithm was presented for solving the lot-streaming flow shop scheduling problem(LFSP) with the objective of minimizing the maximum completion time, i.e., makespan. Two methods for calculating makespan, namely forward pass calculation and backward pass calculation were investigated respectively, and a speed-up approach to evaluate the whole insertion neighborhood was presented. Unlike the traditional ABC algorithm, in the proposed DABC algorithm, individuals were represented as discrete job permutations.An initialization taking advantage of an extended NEH(Nawaz-Enscore-Ham) heuristic was used to produce a population with certain diversity and quality.An adaptive strategy based on insert and swap operators and a path re-linking strategy were utilized to generate neighboring food sources.An effective local search based on insertion neighborhood was fused to enhance the algorithm's exploitation. At the same time, to maintain diversity of the population and avoid to trapping into a local optimum, a restart mechanism was performed when the similarity of the individuals in the population was larger than a given threshold value. Extensive experiments were provided and the comparisons show that the proposed DABC algorithm is effective and efficient for the LFSP.
    Quality Monitoring and Adjustment Method in Manufacturing Processes Based on Integration of SPC and EPC
    WANG Pei, ZHANG Ding-Hua, CHEN Bing, WANG Meng-Wei, LI Shan
    2011, 22(18):  2203-2208. 
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    A quality monitoring and adjustment method based on the integration of SPC and EPC was proposed to solve the problems of quality control caused by noise in manufacturing processes.The integrated model of SPC and EPC based on variation state was built. Under the integrated framework, the methods of exponentially weighted moving average based on Kalman filter and process adjustment based on manufacturing process state were put forward to monitor quality and adjust process variations.Quality
    offset compensation was achieved while monitoring quality by integrating SPC and
    EPC.At the stage of quality monitoring, the technology of
    Kalman filter was first adopted to smooth data and to reduce noise, and then control charts were built by the method of exponentially weighted moving average to monitor processes. Average run length was adopted to verify the performance of the proposed method. At the stage of process adjustment, the model of process adjustment was built for smoothed data, and the variation state estimated values were used to adjust process variation.
    An application sample was developed to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed quality monitoring and adjustment method.
    Analysis on Cathode Movement Path and Parameters in ECM of Blisk Tunnels
    GONG Ting, XU Zheng-Yang, XU Qiang, SHU Di
    2011, 22(18):  2209-2214. 
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    The machining of tunnels is essential in the whole process of blisk manufacturing.A series of steps were followed aiming at improving the distribution uniformity of surface allowance. First, the original blade dates converted into the tunnel surfaces and the distorted surfaces were fitted with ruled lines through least square method.Then the movement path of cathode was obtained, which lead to the motion parameters of ECM in multi-tunnel of the blisk. Finally, an application example was given to verify the above-mentioned method. Results indicate that the tunnels manufactured by this method are up to standard.
    Design for Breaking Spring of Spring Actuator of Vacuum Circuit Breaker Based on Robust Optimization
    SUN Bei-1, CHEN Gang-1, LIU Xiao-Meng-2, WANG Er-Zhi-2
    2011, 22(18):  2214-2218. 
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    A design for breaking spring of a spring actuator of vacuum circuit breaker based on robust optimization was presented. The effects of some factors, shch as processing errors,were come down to the tolerance of the design variables.In order to minimize the error of spring stiffness coefficient,the maximal variation of stiffness coefficients when the design variables varied within the acceptable region of the
    tolerances were chosen as the objective function.So a robust optimization mathematical model of the breaking spring was given.A series of optimization strategy were presented. Applying the above theory to the structure design of the breaking spring of
    spring actuator of 10kV,12.5kA vacuum circuit breaker, the breaking and closing characteristics are all satisfied at the optimum structure parameters. 
    Decision-making Model of Product Design Based on Principal Component Analysis
    YANG Cheng, SUN Shou-Qian, LIU Zheng, CHAI Chun-Lei
    2011, 22(18):  2218-2223. 
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    To reduce the subjective factors in the decision-making process and the dimension of the evaluating indicators, a methods based on principal component analysis was proposed in the comprehensive evaluation of the design plan. First, based on correlational research,some product design evaluating indicators were selected primarily. Then,the system of product evaluating indicators was set up by credibility analysis, coincidence analysis and utility analysis. Based on group evaluation, the part of subjective indicators was assigned. All values of evaluating indicators were standardized.Finally, the main components of correlation matrix which was built by evaluating indicators were solved to build comprehensive evaluation function. The meanings of the principal components met the designer's cognition, the final evaluation results were consistent with market and users evaluation. To some extent, the study makes evaluation of product design more objective and scientific, and has a real value.
    Universal Gasoline Engines After-sale Quality Feedback Networked Collaborative Processing Support System
    YIN Chao, HU Yong, LIU Fei, YIN Qing
    2011, 22(18):  2224-2230,2235. 
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    Aiming at the problems of low processing efficiency and slow response and low customer satisfaction which caused by the current serial processing method, an universal gasoline engines after-sale quality feedback networked collaborative processing support system was constructed. The system could support the after-sale quality feedback accepting, acquisition, transmission, treatment and monitoring. Then some key technologies were studied, including networked collaborative processing business process configuration and reusing based on Web services, and networked collaborative processing dynamic monitoring. The system has been successfully applied in a universal gasoline engines manufacturer in Chongqing, and good results are obtained

    Optimization of a Scroll Compressor of Cooling Equipment in Waste Oil Regenerating Device
    ZHANG Xian-Meng-1, CHEN Guo-Jiang-1, WANG Li-Cun-1, 2, MAO Ying-1, LI Ping-1, CHEN Ban-1
    2011, 22(18):  2231-2235. 
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    The efficiency of molecular distillation of waste oil recycling equipment is directly depended on structural parameters of compressor. A variable wall thickness scroll plate constituted by general scroll profiles based on functional theory was taken as the study object. A structural parameter optimization model was established the target of which was at EER.The changes of heat capacity and EER caused by exhaust volume changes in the compression process of scroll compressor were analyzed accurately and intuitively.Taking EER as objective function, structural parameters of the scroll plate and the profile equation as variable,using GA to get variables that EER was optimization. Given a specific example, compared with the performance of compressor which was constituted by scroll profile with equal wall thickness,and learn the former is better. The design of scroll compressor based on functional theory
    expanded design idea.
    Load Calculation of Wind Turbine Subjected to Earthquake and Wind
    TUN Chun-Yan-1, 2, JIN Xin-1, HE Yu-Lin-1, WANG Lei-1, LIU Hua-1
    2011, 22(18):  2236-2240. 
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    To calculate the loads on wind turbine subjected to earthquake and wind, a structural dynamic model of offshore wind turbine was established based on flexible multi-body dynamics theory and the model was programmed in FORTRAN;the aerodynamic load was calculated based on the dynamic inflow theory and earthquake spectrum was calculated by the Euro code 8. A wind turbine was chosen as study object, the modal analysis and calculation of earthquake spectrum were done by the method. The calculation results are similar to those calculated by GH Bladed which was an authoritative software of wind power, as a result, the correctness and feasibility of the method were verified. Moreover, the loads on wind turbine subjected to earthquake and wind were calculated by the method and the results show that the loads by earthquake and wind are much higher than those at normal conditions.
    Study on Fractional-order Modeling for Dynamic Performance of Magneto-rheological Fluid 
    SHANG Qin, HUANG Yi-Jian
    2011, 22(18):  2241-2245. 
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    A testing system fractional model for MRF was established, which was well fitted with the numerical solution of the fractional order differential equation and the least square method, to make a research of the dynamic performance of the MRF at different rotational speeds. The results demonstrate that fractional order model describes the dynamic performance and the viscoelasticity of MRF more accurately than
    that by the integral order model; and MRF damping performance increases with increasing rotational speed and iron powder content; meanwhile, the model order extended from 0 to 2, and whether the order β is greater than one is relevant to the changing coefficient ratios. In addition,its iron powder content and rotational speed affect the viscoelasticity of MRF greatly.
    Analyses of Residual Stress and Microstructure Performance of Axles with Large Area Welded Surfacing Layers
    SONG Shou-Hu, DIAO Ji-Ru, LIU Chao
    2011, 22(18):  2245-2248. 
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    According to residual stress and component of organization work on clad layer,the different thicknessess welded surfacing layers were prepared on the axles of transmission with H13CrMoA weld wire by means of laser-pro welding technology.The residual stress of the surfacing layers was tested by XRD,the stress gradient and interfacial stress of the surfacing layers were measured by electropolishing and XRD,the composition distribution was tested by EDS between overlaying welding and matrix,and the microstructure of the area of interface was analyzed by SEM. The results testify that the peak residual of the surfacing layers is tensile stress,but there is little variation with increase of thickness;the stress gradient of vertical single weld center line to axle center is in existence.The tensile stress of A0 and A1 interface is larger,but A2 is lesser.The component of organization is more uniform between overlaying welding and matrix.
    Research on Half-sliding Hydroforming Technology for Automobile Housings with a Common Press
    WANG Lian-Dong, CHEN Guo-Jiang, YANG Dong-Feng, HAN Xiao-Liang
    2011, 22(18):  2249-2252. 
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    A kind of half-sliding hydroforming technology was brought forward to produce the big and complicated tube parts. In this technology,the necked tubes were made to be spares through hydrofoming twice.A half-sliding die,which consisted of fixed mid part, left and right sliding part, was utilized to make tube blanks bulging bigger and the tube wall thickness reduction smaller, and to reduce the die clamping force and the friction between the sliding parts and the guiding plates. And a method was put forward how to design suitable shape of the pre-bulging tube blank. For some kind of small automobile axle housing produced on a common press, a kind of hydroforming die was designed, engineering tests were carried out, the eligible sample was trial-produced, and the loading paths which were suitable for pre-bulging and last hydroforming was found.
    A Study of Vibrational Modal Characteristics of Commercial Vehicle Multi-rigid-body Powertrain with Mounting Systems
    WANG E-Nan, LV Zhen-Hua
    2011, 22(18):  2253-2258. 
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    The commercial vehicle powertrain dynamics models with multi-rigid-bodies and mounting systems were set up, and the rigid bodies include power plant, AC compressor and propeller shaft. The vibrational modal characteristics of the multi-rigid-body powertrain with mounting systems were numerically analyzed, and parametrical studies were further carried out.The simulation and experimental modal analysis results show that the rigid-body vibration modes of power plant may be changed noticeably by the AC compressor coupled through its flexible driving belt, and therefore several modal frequencies are increased, which negatively affects the power plant vibration isolation. Fortunately, the effect of the propeller shaft inertia is negligible. On the basis of the numerical analysis, a suggestion was presented to improve the elastic coupling stiffness between power plant and AC compressor, etc.
    Development of Power-balancing Global Optimization Control Strategy for a Series-parallel Hybrid Electric City Bus
    LIN Xin-You, SUN Dong-Shu, QIN Da-Tong, YIN Yan-Chi
    2011, 22(18):  2259-2263. 
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    A novel series- parallel hybrid electric city bus power-train scheme was presented, the battery power and state of charge were set as the control variable and control state respectively.To maintain the state of charge in the reasonable range,the power of battery was converted into corresponding equivalent fuel consumption in every stage, a cost function of each state was constituted the sum of the battery equivalent fuel consumption and the actual fuel consumption.The discrete dynamic programming algorithm was used to obtain the minimum fuel consumption and the corresponding control variable in every stage respectively.Furthermore, a vehicle simulation model was built up to verify the dynamic programming global optimization control strategy based on the Chinese transit bus city driving cycle. The simulation results indicate that the fuel economy of proposed control strategy is higher 6% than the instantaneous optimization control strategy, and also advances 35% than the prototype city bus.
    Identification and Reduction of Gear Whine Noise of Domestic Transmission
    GUO Dong-1, DENG Bin-1, DAN Xiao-Hui-2, SHI Quan-2
    2011, 22(18):  2264-2267. 
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    Gear whine in automotive transmission was identified and reduced.The whine noise was tested in vehicle and in the NVH testbench.Through order tracking analysis and noise contribution analysis, the whine orders were found. The problem was special that different parts have the same order. Then through the tooth contact spot analysis the source of the gear whine was found.Combined with the position and the shape of the contact pattern,the helical modification was made.The whine noise drops by 5dB(A).