Table of Content

25 January 2009, Volume 20 Issue 02

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Driving Characteristics Analysis of Planar Compliant Mechanisms

Wang Wenjing; Yu Yueqing

2009, 20(02):  0-130. 

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Driving characteristics of planar compliant mechanisms were studied based on the pseudo-rigid-body model herein.A planar four-bar compliant mechanism was taken as an example to analyze, the pseudo-rigid-body model of this mechanism was developed at first.A new method for calculating the driving torque was then obtained based on the dynamic analysis of compliant mechanism, and it shows that the flexible hinges have impact on the driving characteristics of compliant mechanisms.The results of example indicate that the peak driving torque is minimized by modifying the stiffness and the unstrained positions of the flexure hinges.

Adaptive PID Control for Thrust Speed of Shield Based on Single Neuron

Shi Hu;Gong Guofang;Yang Huayong;Xing Tong

2009, 20(02):  0-130. 

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An adaptive PID controller for thrust speed of a hydraulic thrust
system in shield machine based on the single neuron structure was designed on the basis of the fact that the single neuron features the PID characteristics.The online
parameter adjustments of the proportion, integral and differential of the conventional PID controller were realized by means of self-learning ability of the neuron,achieving the adaptive control for the thrust speed of the shield. The simulation results show that the single neuron PID adaptive controller is characterized by the strong robustness and can accomplish better control performance even in such nonlinear application case as shield tunneling.

Research on Noise Test of New Hy-Vo Silent Chain

Li Qihai;Meng Fanzhong;Feng Zengming

2009, 20(02):  0-251. 

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Through the noise experiment,it is proved the low-noise characteristics of new Hy-Vo silent chain under high speed. It first made the research on the influence rules on the low-noise characteristics of new Hy-Vo silent chain according to the change of sprockets meter distance, center distance and pitch. It also raised the effective way of lowering the noise of new Hy-Vo silent chain and laid the foundation on the nationalization of new Hy-Vo silent chain. It is showed by the experimental results that the noise of new Hy-Vo silent chain is obviously lower than that of sleeve roller chain.At the same time,it proves the sensibility and feasibility of the analysis and design method of meshing theory of new Hy-Vo silent chain and sprocket.

Robust Reliability-based Design Optimization of Mechanical Components with Multiple Failure Modes

Zhang Yimin;Zhang Xufang;Huang Xianzhen 

2009, 20(02):  0-130. 

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Probability perturbation theory and the fourth moment method
were employed to discuss the reliability and reliability-based optimization problem of mechanical components with multiple failure modes.The correlation coefficients of failure modes were evaluated firstly.Then,combination of gradient algorithm for sensitivity analysis and minimization of sensitivity index for robust,a numerical method for system reliability-based optimization of mechanical component with arbitrary random distribution subjected to multi-failure modes were extensively studied.

Design and Mobility Performance Study of Spring Wheel for Lunar Rover

Sun Gang;Gao Feng;Sun Peng 

2009, 20(02):  0-251. 

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A spring wheel was designed for lunar rover, the advantages of this configuration can be summarized as below: the wheel could be contracted to get a smaller stowed volume in launch vehicle, and the deformation of the wheel under load can increase the contact surfaces and decrease the pressure on soil. Also it can smooth rover vibration on rough terrain. The deformation of the wheel was defined through finite element method, and according to analysis method for elastic tyre in terramechanics, the draw bar pull force of spring wheel on lunar soil was computed and compared with that of rigid wheel. The result shows that the spring wheel can improve the lunar rover mobility performance.

Study on Pipe Circumferential SH Guided Wave Characteristics


Wang Shen;Huang Songling;Zhao Wei

2009, 20(02):  0-130. 

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SH guided wave dispersion characteristics and wave structure for free surface isotropic elastic pipe circumferential waveguide were calculated and analyzed to guide pipeline inspection,and these characteristics were compared with those of the plate SH(shear horizontal) guided wave.A new propagation direction arc calculation algorithm was proposed for pipe circumferential SH guided wave formulation.The study results show that the bigger the ratio of inner and outer radii,the more the pipe circumferential SH guided wave will resemble the plate SH guided wave in the dispersion characteristics and wave structure,and plate SH0 mode and pipe circumferential CSH0 mode are suitable for defect detection.

Theoretical Research and Verification of the Porosity of Semi-fixed Abrasive Tools

Wen Donghui;Hong Tao;Lü Xun;Yuan Julong

2009, 20(02):  0-251. 

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One of the most important parameters of trap effect was studied based on the analysis of the importance of uniform scratch and its effect on the polishing time,contact models between circle abrasive grain,line boundary and circle boundary were deduced to investigate the relations between engagement depth and the ratio of normal force to normal elastic stiffness.Theoretical research results show that semi-fixed abrasive tool should be conditioned after its compaction for the boundary between abrasive grain and line boundary is unstable,the contact status is stable for internal abrasive grain,predicted porosity value agree well with that measured in the experiment,the shear strength of semi-fixed abrasive tool can meet the demand of lapping and polishing processes.

Rapid Identification for Feed-axis Lubrication Condition
of Large Scale Numerical Control Machine Tools

Zhou Yuqing;Mei Xuesong;Jiang Gedong;Sun Nuogang;Tao Tao

2009, 20(02):  0-130. 

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According to Stribeck effect,a kind of sensorless rapid technology for feed-axis (motor+ballscrew) lubrication condition identification of large scale numerical control(NC) machine tools based on linear or rotary scale and motor current(torque)
was proposed.To acquire the information,the static friction force,Coulomb friction force and viscous coefficient was employed for trend analysis,and the various amplitude and velocity triangular wave test curve and a kind of precise nonlinear model identification
method were suggested.The analysis of the experiments show that it is simple,rapid,feasible and reliable for evaluating feed-axis lubrication condition,which puts the basis for large scale NC machine tools feed-axis lubrication on-line condition monitoring.

Experimental Investigation on BEM-based Near-field Holography

Chen Daliang;Shu Gequn;Wei Haiqiao;Liang Xingyu 

2009, 20(02):  0-251. 

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The BEM-based near-field holography (NAH) was applied to reconstruct surface normal velocity of arbitrarily-shaped objects. To control the effect of measurement errors on the solutions, the standard Tikhonov regularization method together with L-curve criterion were used to the process of reconstruction. A speaker was taken as an example. The BEM code was used to calculate the acoustic transfer matrix between surface normal velocity and field point sound pressure of the speaker. Field point sound pressures were measured as input data of the inverse acoustic analysis. The results of the NAH experiment demonstrate the validity of the BEM-based NAH detailed herein. 

Identification for Torque and Speed of the 
AC Asynchronous Electrical Dynamometer Based on Fuzzy Model

Chen Hongwei;Zhang Guixiang

2009, 20(02):  0-130. 

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In order to solve the problem of very expensive
and complicated of the measurement system currently used,this paper first analysed the factors which affected the speed and torque of AC asynchronous electrical dynamometer,then put forward a identification model based on the T-S fuzzy method,which could be used to approximate nonlinear function in the whole region.The voltage,the current and the temperature of stator were the inputs of the model where the influence of the temperature raising on the torque and the speed was considered. In order to improve the precision of the model,an adjustment for the clustering and membership degree was put forward based on the error of clustering’s trivial.The experiments prove that the proposed model is effective,and it affords a new method for the measurement of the input power,output power and the torque in the power- mechanical field.

Cable Vibration Control with a Kind of Novel SMA Damper

Shen Wenqiu,; Han Yulin; Sun Zhilin;Wang Shilong 

2009, 20(02):  0-251. 

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Cable vibration control was studied based on a new type of shape memory alloy(SMA) damper.Firstly,SMA wires’pre-tension effect of this kind of SMA damper was studied.Secondly,cable vibration control by the SMA damper was simulated by
finite element method.Finally,cable vibration control effect by the SMA damper was
tested.It is proven that vibration of the cable can be restrained obviously with the SMA damper by both the finite element simulation results and experimental results.

Research on Non-linear Process Planning in STEP-NC


Huang Hua;Li Aiping

2009, 20(02):  0-130. 

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The method and course of non-linear process planning(NLPP) used in STEP-NC was presented,the structure of STEP-NC file and the feasibility of NLPP in STEP-NC was analysed at first,then the technology information was extracted from the STEP-NC file,and PSG was used to represent the NLPP.With the PSG and graph search algorithm the optimized process path was selected off-line,the path was adjusted on-line according to resource changing.The discrete working steps were serialized to be executable workplan.An example was used to illustrate the algorithm,the complete method of NLPP in STEP-NC was presented herein.

Optimum Reconfiguration of Machining Equipment in Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems


Wu Yongming;Ma Jian;Cheng Meng

2009, 20(02):  0-251. 

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In the process of reconfiguring manufacturing resources in reconfigurable manufacturing systems,many requirements of different machining parts need to be considered systematically.A model of machining equipment resources was built by the polychromatic sets,and feasible schemes of configuring equipment resources were created through the polychromatic digraph and its accessible paths.Several optimal schemes for every production cycle were obtained from the feasible schemes by considering cost,time,quality and other factors through the fuzzy synthetic evaluation method.Then an optimal scheme of reconfiguring equipment resources for all production cycles was created by the dynamic programming method.A case was studied to illustrate the proposed method and its realization process.

Green Remanufacture Technology and Mode of the Key Components of Railway Car

Tian Wei;Liao Wenhe;Liu Changyi;Yu Lianyou;Tang Jincheng

2009, 20(02):  0-130. 

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The remanufacture possibility of the key components of railway car was analyzed firstly and the preliminary technology program was also brought out. Then some key technologies on green remanufacture in railway car industry were researched with experiments. The experimental results show that the laser cladding technology and laser surface hardening technology have met the demands of railway car industry. On the basis of these the performance mode and production process of remanufacture in railway car industry were discussed, which was the base to apply and widen green remanufacture in the railway car industry. 

Application of Particle Swarm Algorithm Based on 
Simulated Annealing in Variable Cellular Facility Layout Problems

Zhu Hengyun,;Ye Wenhua

2009, 20(02):  0-251. 

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Through analyzing some key features of the facility layout in cellular manufacturing design and the components’ process procedure, a model of facility layout under variable demand over the product life cycle was built. To solve the facility layout problem, a new particle swarm algorithm based on simulated annealing (SAPSO) was formulated. The SAPSO can keep the fast convergence speed of standard particle swam algorithm and can reach the global optimum solutions. The computational results show that the SAPSO can obtain satisfactory solutions within reasonable time.

Design and Implementation of an Adaptable NC Programming and Machining System

Liu Riliang;Zhang Chengrui;Wang Jinjiang;Zhang Xianzhi 

2009, 20(02):  0-130. 

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In order for a change to conventional CNC machining,which has long been hindered by separated systems for programming,machining and measuring processes,an integrated system namely adaptable NC programming and machining system(ANPAS) was proposed and a prototype was developed.ANPAS is a computer-aided manufacturing system with integrated functionalities of NC programming,real-time control and on-machine measurement. It consisted of a PC based planner and a motion card based controller,which were connected via data bus.With the planner and the controller and their collaboration,ANPAS is capable of automatic CAD model interpretation,process planning,code generation and validation,machine control, and on-machine inspection.Furthermore, it is also adaptable and able to perform the process planning and the machining tasks according to the CAD model,the measured size and position of the raw workpiece.The feasibility was demonstrated through the machining of a sample part on turning machine with the prototype system.

Morphological Filters in Feature Extraction for Rolling Bearing Defect Signals

Hao Rujiang,;Lu Wenxiu;Chu Fulei

2009, 20(02):  0-251. 

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The vibration signals with defects in rolling bearing were measured and the morphological filters were presented that conclude morphological operators and structuring elements.The multi-scale morphological filters with mixed operators were designed to remove the noises and harmonic components.The morphological difference filter with closing and opening operation were constructed to extract the periodical impulses.Then the bearing defect characteristic information was very obvious by means of the frequency spectrum analysis.The simulated data and the experimental signals were processed and the conclusion indicates that the morphological filter with proper operators and structuring elements is ideal for smoothing noises and extracting useful features.The morphological filters are suitable for signal processing and defect diagnosis on-line.

Generation and the Smoothing Method of 5-axis NC Machining Tool Orientation for the Open Integrated Impeller

Ji Junfeng;Zhou Laishui;An Luling;Li Guidong

2009, 20(02):  0-130. 

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This paper studied the planning of 5-axis NC machining tool orientation for an open integrated impeller.The problems of existed method were analyzed first and a new method for generating the smoothing tool orientation was proposed by introducing the key-frame method in the animation-making.According to the feature of the open integrated impeller,several key tool orientations were set without intersection between the tool orientation and the adjacent blades.Then these key tool orientations were interpolated by the spline function.By mapping from the surface parameter to the spline parameter,the spline function value was gained and was set at the tool orientation when generating the CL file.The simulation result shows that the method proposed herein realizes the smoothing of the overall tool orientation and the continuous of the rotating velocity and the rotating acceleration.It also avoids the shaking of the machine due to the jump of the tool orientation and the machining quality is improved.

Fabrication Method of Binary Micro-structure Super-hydrophobic Surface Based on Lotus Effect

Zhang Honghai;Xie Dan; Liu Sheng;Gan Zhiyin 

2009, 20(02):  0-251. 

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This paper presented fabrication and replication technology of binary micro-structure based on lotus effect.Aluminum template had been produced by means of anodic oxidation. Plastic micro-channels were pressed with above template by nanoimprinting lithography, furthermore, silicon based bionic functional structures were attained by NIL,reactive
ion etching combined silane and alkyl ketene dimmer treatment.According to surface contact angle test results,plastic and Si structure all reveal super-hydrophobic.Therefore,
the presented researche results demonstrate the technology is applicable for functional surface shape modification of MEMS including micro-fluidic devices,micro-sensors and micro-actuators, and it has potential applications on reducing friction and preventing stiction.

Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Symmetry
and Step-symmetry Milling of Aerospace Thin-walled Workpiece

Bai Wanjin;KeYinglin;Wu Hongbing;Dong Huiyue 

2009, 20(02):  0-130. 

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To study the part deflection during milling process of low rigidity parts,a new three dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis (FEA) model of an I-sectional thin-walled workpiece was presented.Both the so called symmetry and step-symmetry milling processes were simulated with the FEA method.Key factors,such as cutting loads, sequences and paths were synthetically taken into account.Simulation results indicate that the maximum deflection occurring on the middle of the thin-walled workpiece.With step-symmetry milling method, it can be significantly reduced the part deflections.The magnitudes,as well as distributions,of the residual stress have little differences between symmetry and step-symmetry milling processes. Based on the FEA simulation results and numerical
control(NC) machining compensation methods,the aluminum thin-walled workpiece can be machined in an economical,high efficiency and quality way.

Integration Study on Airfoil Profile for Wind Turbines

Wang Xudong;Chen Jin;Wenzhong Shen;Zhang Shiqiang

2009, 20(02):  0-251. 

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Based on the conformal transformation and series theory,an integration equation was developed for the airfoil profile expression.From the integration equation,three typical profiles were presented.In order to see the generality of the integration equation,two airfoils were able to expressed.The inherent characteristics of airfoil profiles model are broken through and the design method of airfoil profiles for wind turbines is broaden.Due to the simple form,the new integration equation has more advantages in the deisgn stage than classic airfoil profile models.

Study on Nonlinear Characteristics of Two Type Rotor-Bearing Systems


Li Chaofeng;Sun Wei;Wang Degang;Wen Bangchun

2009, 20(02):  0-130. 

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The nonlinear dynamic behavior of a rotor-bearing system was analyzed with its finite element model based on the analysis of particle model,with considering some other important influence factors such as, material damping, gyroscopic
effect,inertia distribution, shear effect and so on,which made the description of the system more embodiment avoiding the casualness of selection with system parameters.With the comparison of the results on the bifurcation map and three-dimensional spectrum,significant difference is appeared with the addition of the considered factors.It is suggested that the substitution of continuum model for the discrete ones can get more accurate and abundant results.Furthermore,these results can provide more accurate verification and reference for the experiment and nonlinear dynamic design of the complex rotor system.

Synthesis Method of Non-overconstrained Lower-mobility Parallel Robots

Huang Yonggang;Huang Maolin;Xiang Chengxuan;Qin Datong

2009, 20(02):  0-251. 

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Based upon wrench system and set theory, the structural conditions of non-overconstrained lower-mobility parallel robots and its synthesis method were proposed. The detailed synthesis procedure of 3-DOF parallel robots was discussed and a series novel symmetrical structures had been found. Finally, the difference between overconstrained and non-overconstrained structure was compared. This provides a new point of view and approach to the structural synthesis of lower-mobility parallel robots and a new way to eliminate the sensitivity of overconstraint with respect to geometrical erros of the kinematic pairs.

Simulation Design of Frequency Variation Trackerof Weak Vibration Signals Based on Chaotic Oscillator

Li Xianglian;Chen Lei 

2009, 20(02):  0-130. 

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On the basis of introduction to weak signal detection method by
Duffing chaotic oscillator,the sensitivity of excitation amplituder to Duffing equation was analyzed.The frequency variation tracker of weak vibration signals was put forward and designed firstly.By the MATLAB/Simulink,it was simulated. A new method for detecting unknown frequency signals that had very small amplitudes was brought forward. By changing the damping ratio k of nonlinear system, the Duffing dynamics system can be entered into nonlinear larger cycle. The real simulation results show that the frequency variation tracker can detect the frequency variation characteristics of complex weak signals. It is shown that this design has practical value for the detection of frequency variation of real complex weak signals.

Application of Characteristic Harmonic Method in Welding Torch Attitude Identification

Gao Yanfeng,;Zhang Hua;Li Zhigang;Xiao Jianhua

2009, 20(02):  0-251. 

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The problems of applying characteristic harmonic method to identify welding torch attitude based on rotational arc sensor were researched.A mathematical model was built to describe the relationship between arc length and welding torch attitude.The effect of welding torch deviation, welding torch inclination, and the angle between welding direction and welding seam direction to the detection results of using
characteristic harmonic method was proved in theory. It shows that the cosine component of first harmonic can be used to calculate welding torch deviation, and the sinusoidal component can be used to calculate welding torch inclination.The experimental results show that the measurement error of welding torch inclination is approximate ±7.77°,and the error of deviation is approximate ±0.69mm,that can be suited for real welding project.

Control Characteristics Contrast among Cubic CVC,
Quintic CVC and SmartCrown Roll Contours

Li Hongbo;Zhang Jie;Cao Jianguo;Si Xiaoming;Zhang Shushan

2009, 20(02):  0-130. 

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After the deduction of cubic CVC,quintic CVC and SmartCrown roll contour equations,each profile control characteristic and design method were proposed.It is shown that the cubic CVC contour is only capable for quadric crown control,and simple in profile control.The quintic CVC can be easily designed based on the quadric and quartic crown demands,and the crown ratio is not constant with the variation of shifting distance.The quartic crown control ability of SmartCrown is decided by the contour angle,and the crown ratio is always negative.

Study on Modeling Simulation and Test of Fast Forging Hydraulic Press Using Accumulator 

Yao Jing;Kong Xiangdong;Quan Lingxiao;Gao Yingjie

2009, 20(02):  0-244. 

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A new saving-energy fast forging hydraulic press
using accumulator was presented for the problem of power waste during forging process.The method of accumulator design and choice were offered,the model of proportional cartridge and accumulator were found,then the mathematical
model of the whole fast forging circuit was found and simulated.The results show that the fast forging hydraulic press using accumulator performs perfect.Finally,based on the fast forging press test using accumulator,the model validity and feasibility of this fast forging circuit were validated.

Research on Vehicle Anti-lock Regenerative Braking Integrated Control Method 

Chen Qingzhang,;He Ren;Zhao Liansheng

2009, 20(02):  0-130. 

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An integrated control method of regenerative braking based on ABS(anti-lock braking system) was presented. Regenerative braking system
(RBS) was combined with ABS,and it could carry out anti lock braking control.The integrated control model was also made. With this integrated control method,RBS can be operated compatibly with hydraulic pressure ABS.The reclaiming rate of braking energy is improved,and a better anti lock braking control can be realized for vehicle because the response of motor braking is faster than hydraulic pressure one.

A Virtual Experimental Bench Based on ADAMS for Active Suspension of Automobile

Song Xiaolin;Yu Dejie ;Li Bijun

2009, 20(02):  0-244. 

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A McPherson suspension model based on ADAMS/View was built for a quarter automobile.The hydraulic servo system was designed using ADAMS/Hydraulic module and the virtual experimental bench
was designed for active suspension.When the
road input was step, simulated road and random road, the effect of PID controller was analyzed with an ideal control force and a force produced by the hydraulic servo system to validate the performance of the virtual experimental bench of active suspension.The simulation
results show that the virtual experimental bench can track the ideal force and the body vertical acceleration,suspension deformation and wheel dynamic load are improved evidently and good control effect is obtained compared with passive suspension. 